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z**k
发帖数: 945 | 1 本俱乐部面向所有生活，工作，学习在Richmond 都会地区的华人
开放。
希望大家能通过这个平台相识相知，相互交流，互通友谊
我们也可以根据大家的兴趣，组织各种活动。
希望斑竹顶置！
QQ 群号：226480812
加入方法
1）登陆QQ
2) 点击右下角 查找
3）选择 找群，输入QQ 号226480812
4）选择 “+”，即加入群 | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 2 Pampers 3号一包纸尿布
三张Enfagrow $2 off coupon
Give away, 大家有没有需要的
宝宝大了，得用4号了 | z**k
发帖数: 945 | | z**k
发帖数: 945 | | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 5 聚会罗
大RVA群庆6.1特别聚餐活动定于6月2日6PM在Peter Chang举行，请童鞋们发邮件给
Kelly at i**********[email protected],包括姓名，人数，联系电话，以方便我们定位。
我们将在下周末发信与大家确认。
Join us, now! | B*****a
发帖数: 5528 | | z**k
发帖数: 945 | | n*2
发帖数: 19062 | | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 9 由于工作的原因，对这个地区比较了解，跟大家分享一下
Richmond 市人口225000，Richmond 都会区人口1M
Richmond市2000-2010人口增长5%
Richmond市黑人人口占50%
Henrico County,VA (Glen Allen在Henrico 里） 前十年人口增长20%，
Chestefield County,VA（Midlothian 在Chesterfield Co里） 前十年人口增长30%
大家买房租房前先查看crime map
http://spotcrime.com/va/richmond
Richmond 中心城区犯罪率比较高，不建议居住
建议居住在Glen Allen, 或南边的west end (part of richmond city and Midlothian
,VA)
Glen Allen 是全美100佳社区之一（Top100 best place to live),
这里有很多华人，老印，老白居住
房价也是地区最贵的，是Chestefield 的两倍
学区也比较好
Midlothian,VA 在Richmond 的西南部
大家印象学区不很好
但是在今年的Pesident's Fellow(全美杰出高中毕业生），
Glen Allen只有一个，Midlothian高中有两个（全美125名，VA 6名）
足见Midlothian高中教育还是很强的
Richmond City School 很差，每年高中毕业大概2个去VCU,一个去Univ of Richmond,
所以不建议大家在这里买房
你在哪上学是根据你的property line 在哪个学区里，所以即便你在Glen Allen住，也
要问清是属于哪个学校的。
Richmond地区 one bedroom 平均租金$892
以上数据来自census bureau, Richmond Times-Dispatch 报道，Governor's Office，
wikipedia
2010 census
黑人 50.6%
白人 40.8%
亚裔 2.3%
中国人 0.4% 840 in Richmond City
80% 受过高中以上教育
32.2% 受过高等教育
有兴趣的童鞋可以找到 更多信息在下面的链接
http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/pro
http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/pro
Glen Allen
白人 63.8%
华人 .8% 119人
http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/pro
Housing
http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/pro | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 10 发信人: zxnk (nini), 信区: Virginia
标 题: Richmond MSA 驾车指引
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Jun 8 16:03:20 2012, 美东)
有感于最近两个朋友刚搬到richmond,就发生车祸，一个好朋友更是赔上整辆车，
觉得有必要写写提醒一下。大家可以在下面补充。
1）美国东部人口比较稠密，道路崎岖。历史的原因吧，最早拓殖的地方，不像中部和
西部大直路。开车要注意。Richmond 有interstate highway, state highway(147,151
...)和local road.许多城市就是local 和interstate接驳就行。 大家尤其注意从
interstate 到state highway, speed limit 可能从70一下到35，警察可能就在前面。
2）据说VA警察比较严，警车伪装的很好，罚的比较狠，所以我就是限速多少开多少，
其实早那么2分钟一点意义没有。开车中间的lane最不容易被抓，因为警车都在两边。
3）万一被抓,拿到ticket,不要argue,直接上法庭，plea not guilty.美国法庭和警察
是两个系统。就算你错了，可以让法官少罚点，或者不记录点数，或者直接上个online
driving school. 具体的大家可以上车版了解。关键这个不是钱的问题，是你的保险
会涨，然后这个记录跟你一辈子。据说上法庭赢得几率不小于60%
很多警察不来，case dismissed。
4）来到Richmond,VA,我记得查过DMV，你有1个月换title,三个月换driver's license.
VA车还要每年safety inspection, 可以问问你们同事在哪做的inspection.DMV在 dmv
dr, richmond,va,周六上班
5)注意右拐灯，红灯的时候你可以右拐（没有no turn on red的情况），但是你要注意
对面左拐的车辆和左边的车辆，车太多就停着等绿灯。
6）Richmond有路收费，你来的时候，把GPS设成绕过收费站就行了。不用交钱。
7）不要在downtown随便park car,你随时会拿到ticket,另外不安全
8）另外机场的路很迷惑人，大家过去的时候多留心
9) 修车的事，问问同事吧
10）大家安全第一，平安出行。
看看大家下面再补充一下。 | | | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 11 标 题: Top VA High/Middle/Elementary Schools (Richmond and North VA) 2010-
11
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sun Jun 10 23:02:10 2012, 美东)
没有调查就没有发言权
调查结果显示
Herico的学校并没有想象的那么好
Richmond City的学校也没有想象的那么差
Chesterfield 确实有不少好学校，特别是Middle school,
3 out of 10 best VA middle schools are in Chesterfield.
同时North VA教育是很好，但是并没有想象的那么好，很多VA很好的学校
不在北VA,不过有几个顶尖的高中在NVA
VA High School Ranking
http://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/virginia/rank
Chesterfield ranking
http://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/virginia/dist
Henrico ranking
http://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/virginia/dist
Deep Run High School Top14
Richmond City ranking
http://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/virginia/dist
Richmond Community High Top 17
Top 10 Virginia Elementary Schools
http://www.schooldigger.com/go/VA/schoolrank.aspx?pagetype=top1
Top 10 Virginia Middle Schools
http://www.schooldigger.com/go/VA/schoolrank.aspx?pagetype=top1
Chesterfield Top 3,7,8
Henrico Top6 | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 12 标 题: Richmond 都会群庆6.1聚会总结及下一步活动设想
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Jun 4 20:31:22 2012, 美东)
建立这么个平台，看着一个又一个richmonder or to-be-richmonder加入到
这里，心里很是高兴
Richmond本来华人就少，所以大家更需要抱团，互相帮助，这样生活才能丰富开心。
这次活动还要多亏Kelly定位，不然看到等位的阵势，估计我们要饿个一两个小时了。
虽然以前在国内吃到不想吃。但是来到美国后，吃的这么饕餮的没几次。因为每一个人
点一个菜，所以大家能吃到各种美食,而且只花一个菜的钱。着实是一个解馋的机会啊。
虽然大家都素未蒙面，但是都如同老朋友般侃侃而谈。期间有同学找到了失散多年的老
校友，更有童鞋在工作上提携一把的，一时间传为佳话。以致于老板最后要请我们给别
人让位了。“你们都吃了三个小时了！”-这个也就美国的餐厅敢这么名目张胆，毕竟
好吃的地方太少了。
饭后大家一致表示，这样的活动以后要多搞。
关于下一步的活动。Wanderlust提议去Shenandoah National Park Hiking.
这个活动目前在群里讨论筹备。可能会到七月底成行。
有几个地方我比较想去的
1）Baltimore, MD的 National Aqua 国家水族馆
2）Virginia Beach
3) Ocean City Beach, MD
4) Westpoint
看看大家有什么看法和提议
另外兴趣小组，Kelly 先生的足球club,网球club，大家有兴趣的都可以加入进来。同
时，我们也可以组建自己的club，就看看有谁带这个头。
在挣钱方面，我希望能成立我们RVA的股票投资分析club,吸收有一定在大盘，FA,TA，
统计分析方面有兴趣或经验的童鞋参加。大家定期或不定期的分享投资或学习心得，以
期共同致富。目标是每年25%以上稳定收益。希望有兴趣的童鞋和我站内或群内联系。
欢迎越来越多的大家加入我们RVA群
一起成长，一起分享！ | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 13 这个大家都用的着的，当时来的时候也不知道
写下来，方便后来的人吧
1.中国店
Tan-A-Supermarket
6221 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA
(804) 285-3569
地区唯一的一家大的中国店，由于是垄断，所以态度比较差，而且只能
用cash 和 local check (这个是跟纽约的中国店学的，为了逃税，不过
纽约人家也是10快以上能刷卡啊，反正纽约税务局已经开罚单了，希望他们
小心，别进去）
远东食品公司
6409 Rigsby Road, Richmond, VA
就在TAN-A附近，是一个小房子，应该是一家人开的，店主挺客气，就是店有点旧。20
快以上可以刷卡。第一次买黄国宝米25磅，居然发现TAN-A 18块，远东12快
2.General Grocery
Kroger
美国连锁上市企业，你直接在GPS上搜就行，环境东西都不错吧
Sam's, Costco
南边的Sam's和costco都在chesterfield town center 附近
西面的 Sam's和costco都在short pump附近，搜一下就行
Food Lion和 Martin's
作为补充吧，你有时间逛逛
Whole Food Market
在short pump mall 附近
richmond这个地方公园不多，但是shopping mall很多，主要的有南边的
chesterfield town center和
西边的 short pump mall，大家搜一下就是了
看看大家还有什么补充。 | c****b
发帖数: 183 | 14 对于不用QQ的人，还有别的方法加入组织吗？
【在 z**k 的大作中提到】
: 本俱乐部面向所有生活，工作，学习在Richmond 都会地区的华人
: 开放。
: 希望大家能通过这个平台相识相知，相互交流，互通友谊
: 我们也可以根据大家的兴趣，组织各种活动。
: 希望斑竹顶置！
: QQ 群号：226480812
: 加入方法
: 1）登陆QQ
: 2) 点击右下角 查找
: 3）选择 找群，输入QQ 号226480812
| z**k
发帖数: 945 | 15 站内发信给我吧，作个自我介绍，然后写一下联系方式
Welcome！ | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 16 本俱乐部面向所有生活，工作，学习在Richmond 都会地区的华人
开放。
希望大家能通过这个平台相识相知，相互交流，互通友谊
我们也可以根据大家的兴趣，组织各种活动。
希望斑竹顶置！
QQ 群号：226480812
加入方法
1）登陆QQ
2) 点击右下角 查找
3）选择 找群，输入QQ 号226480812
4）选择 “+”，即加入群
没有qq号的同学，最好在你方便的时候花半分钟注册个qq号先
follow 下面的link
http://zc.qq.com/en/index.html | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 17 Pampers 3号一包纸尿布
三张Enfagrow $2 off coupon
Give away, 大家有没有需要的
宝宝大了，得用4号了 | z**k
发帖数: 945 | | z**k
发帖数: 945 | | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 20 聚会罗
大RVA群庆6.1特别聚餐活动定于6月2日6PM在Peter Chang举行，请童鞋们发邮件给
Kelly at i**********[email protected],包括姓名，人数，联系电话，以方便我们定位。
我们将在下周末发信与大家确认。
Join us, now! | | | B*****a
发帖数: 5528 | | z**k
发帖数: 945 | | n*2
发帖数: 19062 | | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 24 由于工作的原因，对这个地区比较了解，跟大家分享一下
Richmond 市人口225000，Richmond 都会区人口1M
Richmond市2000-2010人口增长5%
Richmond市黑人人口占50%
Henrico County,VA (Glen Allen在Henrico 里） 前十年人口增长20%，
Chestefield County,VA（Midlothian 在Chesterfield Co里） 前十年人口增长30%
大家买房租房前先查看crime map
http://spotcrime.com/va/richmond
Richmond 中心城区犯罪率比较高，不建议居住
建议居住在Glen Allen, 或南边的west end (part of richmond city and Midlothian
,VA)
Glen Allen 是全美100佳社区之一（Top100 best place to live),
这里有很多华人，老印，老白居住
房价也是地区最贵的，是Chestefield 的两倍
学区也比较好
Midlothian,VA 在Richmond 的西南部
大家印象学区不很好
但是在今年的Pesident's Fellow(全美杰出高中毕业生），
Glen Allen只有一个，Midlothian高中有两个（全美125名，VA 6名）
足见Midlothian高中教育还是很强的
Richmond City School 很差，每年高中毕业大概2个去VCU,一个去Univ of Richmond,
所以不建议大家在这里买房
你在哪上学是根据你的property line 在哪个学区里，所以即便你在Glen Allen住，也
要问清是属于哪个学校的。
Richmond地区 one bedroom 平均租金$892
以上数据来自census bureau, Richmond Times-Dispatch 报道，Governor's Office，
wikipedia
2010 census
黑人 50.6%
白人 40.8%
亚裔 2.3%
中国人 0.4% 840 in Richmond City
80% 受过高中以上教育
32.2% 受过高等教育
有兴趣的童鞋可以找到 更多信息在下面的链接
http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/pro
http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/pro
Glen Allen
白人 63.8%
华人 .8% 119人
http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/pro
Housing
http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/pro | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 25 发信人: zxnk (nini), 信区: Virginia
标 题: Richmond MSA 驾车指引
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Jun 8 16:03:20 2012, 美东)
有感于最近两个朋友刚搬到richmond,就发生车祸，一个好朋友更是赔上整辆车，
觉得有必要写写提醒一下。大家可以在下面补充。
1）美国东部人口比较稠密，道路崎岖。历史的原因吧，最早拓殖的地方，不像中部和
西部大直路。开车要注意。Richmond 有interstate highway, state highway(147,151
...)和local road.许多城市就是local 和interstate接驳就行。 大家尤其注意从
interstate 到state highway, speed limit 可能从70一下到35，警察可能就在前面。
2）据说VA警察比较严，警车伪装的很好，罚的比较狠，所以我就是限速多少开多少，
其实早那么2分钟一点意义没有。开车中间的lane最不容易被抓，因为警车都在两边。
3）万一被抓,拿到ticket,不要argue,直接上法庭，plea not guilty.美国法庭和警察
是两个系统。就算你错了，可以让法官少罚点，或者不记录点数，或者直接上个online
driving school. 具体的大家可以上车版了解。关键这个不是钱的问题，是你的保险
会涨，然后这个记录跟你一辈子。据说上法庭赢得几率不小于60%
很多警察不来，case dismissed。
4）来到Richmond,VA,我记得查过DMV，你有1个月换title,三个月换driver's license.
VA车还要每年safety inspection, 可以问问你们同事在哪做的inspection.DMV在 dmv
dr, richmond,va,周六上班
5)注意右拐灯，红灯的时候你可以右拐（没有no turn on red的情况），但是你要注意
对面左拐的车辆和左边的车辆，车太多就停着等绿灯。
6）Richmond有路收费，你来的时候，把GPS设成绕过收费站就行了。不用交钱。
7）不要在downtown随便park car,你随时会拿到ticket,另外不安全
8）另外机场的路很迷惑人，大家过去的时候多留心
9) 修车的事，问问同事吧
10）大家安全第一，平安出行。
看看大家下面再补充一下。 | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 26 标 题: Top VA High/Middle/Elementary Schools (Richmond and North VA) 2010-
11
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Sun Jun 10 23:02:10 2012, 美东)
没有调查就没有发言权
调查结果显示
Herico的学校并没有想象的那么好
Richmond City的学校也没有想象的那么差
Chesterfield 确实有不少好学校，特别是Middle school,
3 out of 10 best VA middle schools are in Chesterfield.
同时North VA教育是很好，但是并没有想象的那么好，很多VA很好的学校
不在北VA,不过有几个顶尖的高中在NVA
VA High School Ranking
http://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/virginia/rank
Chesterfield ranking
http://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/virginia/dist
Henrico ranking
http://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/virginia/dist
Deep Run High School Top14
Richmond City ranking
http://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/virginia/dist
Richmond Community High Top 17
Top 10 Virginia Elementary Schools
http://www.schooldigger.com/go/VA/schoolrank.aspx?pagetype=top1
Top 10 Virginia Middle Schools
http://www.schooldigger.com/go/VA/schoolrank.aspx?pagetype=top1
Chesterfield Top 3,7,8
Henrico Top6 | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 27 标 题: Richmond 都会群庆6.1聚会总结及下一步活动设想
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Jun 4 20:31:22 2012, 美东)
建立这么个平台，看着一个又一个richmonder or to-be-richmonder加入到
这里，心里很是高兴
Richmond本来华人就少，所以大家更需要抱团，互相帮助，这样生活才能丰富开心。
这次活动还要多亏Kelly定位，不然看到等位的阵势，估计我们要饿个一两个小时了。
虽然以前在国内吃到不想吃。但是来到美国后，吃的这么饕餮的没几次。因为每一个人
点一个菜，所以大家能吃到各种美食,而且只花一个菜的钱。着实是一个解馋的机会啊。
虽然大家都素未蒙面，但是都如同老朋友般侃侃而谈。期间有同学找到了失散多年的老
校友，更有童鞋在工作上提携一把的，一时间传为佳话。以致于老板最后要请我们给别
人让位了。“你们都吃了三个小时了！”-这个也就美国的餐厅敢这么名目张胆，毕竟
好吃的地方太少了。
饭后大家一致表示，这样的活动以后要多搞。
关于下一步的活动。Wanderlust提议去Shenandoah National Park Hiking.
这个活动目前在群里讨论筹备。可能会到七月底成行。
有几个地方我比较想去的
1）Baltimore, MD的 National Aqua 国家水族馆
2）Virginia Beach
3) Ocean City Beach, MD
4) Westpoint
看看大家有什么看法和提议
另外兴趣小组，Kelly 先生的足球club,网球club，大家有兴趣的都可以加入进来。同
时，我们也可以组建自己的club，就看看有谁带这个头。
在挣钱方面，我希望能成立我们RVA的股票投资分析club,吸收有一定在大盘，FA,TA，
统计分析方面有兴趣或经验的童鞋参加。大家定期或不定期的分享投资或学习心得，以
期共同致富。目标是每年25%以上稳定收益。希望有兴趣的童鞋和我站内或群内联系。
欢迎越来越多的大家加入我们RVA群
一起成长，一起分享！ | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 28 这个大家都用的着的，当时来的时候也不知道
写下来，方便后来的人吧
1.中国店
Tan-A-Supermarket
6221 West Broad Street, Richmond, VA
(804) 285-3569
地区唯一的一家大的中国店，由于是垄断，所以态度比较差，而且只能
用cash 和 local check (这个是跟纽约的中国店学的，为了逃税，不过
纽约人家也是10快以上能刷卡啊，反正纽约税务局已经开罚单了，希望他们
小心，别进去）
远东食品公司
6409 Rigsby Road, Richmond, VA
就在TAN-A附近，是一个小房子，应该是一家人开的，店主挺客气，就是店有点旧。20
快以上可以刷卡。第一次买黄国宝米25磅，居然发现TAN-A 18块，远东12快
2.General Grocery
Kroger
美国连锁上市企业，你直接在GPS上搜就行，环境东西都不错吧
Sam's, Costco
南边的Sam's和costco都在chesterfield town center 附近
西面的 Sam's和costco都在short pump附近，搜一下就行
Food Lion和 Martin's
作为补充吧，你有时间逛逛
Whole Food Market
在short pump mall 附近
richmond这个地方公园不多，但是shopping mall很多，主要的有南边的
chesterfield town center和
西边的 short pump mall，大家搜一下就是了
看看大家还有什么补充。 | c****b
发帖数: 183 | 29 对于不用QQ的人，还有别的方法加入组织吗？
【在 z**k 的大作中提到】
: 本俱乐部面向所有生活，工作，学习在Richmond 都会地区的华人
: 开放。
: 希望大家能通过这个平台相识相知，相互交流，互通友谊
: 我们也可以根据大家的兴趣，组织各种活动。
: 希望斑竹顶置！
: QQ 群号：226480812
: 加入方法
: 1）登陆QQ
: 2) 点击右下角 查找
: 3）选择 找群，输入QQ 号226480812
| z**k
发帖数: 945 | 30 站内发信给我吧，作个自我介绍，然后写一下联系方式
Welcome！ | | | c********0
发帖数: 11 | 31 即将搬到Richmond，准备定公寓，请教一下各位short pump（23233）和GLEN ALLEN(
23059）这两个公寓哪个好一点，家里有上一年级的孩子 | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 32 $13
上次溏心宝贝发了个地址，男士好像6刀
Pan’s Hair Salon
Cut Services
Men’s $6
Women’s $8
Children (age 8 or under) $5
Address: 4501 Jalbert Dr, Glen Allen, VA 23060
Phone: 804-502-8607
共享信息，没有去过 | c********0
发帖数: 11 | 33 即将搬到Richmond，准备定公寓，请教一下各位short pump（23233）和GLEN ALLEN(
23059）这两个公寓哪个好一点，家里有上一年级的孩子 | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 34 $13
上次溏心宝贝发了个地址，男士好像6刀
Pan’s Hair Salon
Cut Services
Men’s $6
Women’s $8
Children (age 8 or under) $5
Address: 4501 Jalbert Dr, Glen Allen, VA 23060
Phone: 804-502-8607
共享信息，没有去过 | g**g
发帖数: 3075 | 35 email大家都会用的， 考虑建个google group 也很方便 | r*****2
发帖数: 309 | | N*******r
发帖数: 4 | 37 我报名参加本俱乐部。请问那位朋友知道在Richmond租房的信息，谢谢。 | B*****a
发帖数: 5528 | 38 群里很多讨论的，你加进去怎会有很多人回答的
【在 N*******r 的大作中提到】
: 我报名参加本俱乐部。请问那位朋友知道在Richmond租房的信息，谢谢。
| g**g
发帖数: 3075 | 39 email大家都会用的， 考虑建个google group 也很方便 | r*****2
发帖数: 309 | | | | N*******r
发帖数: 4 | 41 我报名参加本俱乐部。请问那位朋友知道在Richmond租房的信息，谢谢。 | B*****a
发帖数: 5528 | 42 群里很多讨论的，你加进去怎会有很多人回答的
【在 N*******r 的大作中提到】
: 我报名参加本俱乐部。请问那位朋友知道在Richmond租房的信息，谢谢。
| z**k
发帖数: 945 | 43
本文是根据我们几个月买房的经验心得收集而成， 收集了一般买房中需要注意的事项
， focus on Richmond, VA, 希望对大家提供些许帮助。
General Rule: LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION, Be mindful about the location of
the house you buy. It is the single most important investment most people
make in their life. Using an investment perspective. Do not buy any one that
you think it is good but may never get sold or rented. Easy to sell, easy
to rent out, easy to liquidate should always be at your mind when you buying
a house. Consider the community you will be living in, it should be closing
to your friends and major amenities of the city/county.
1) Richmond
Richmond是美国历史名城，美国内战南方军首都（confederate），这里是Virginia的
首都，离美国首都DC开车1小时45分，离纽约6个小时，去Orlando开车10个小时
2）Richmond – One of the Best Place to Live in the U.S.
Richmond是美国地理上的南方，四季分明，又不是太冷太热
Richmond 消费不高，cost of living index =99.7 低于美国平均水平100，纽约的
cost of living index是270.意思是维持相同的生活水平，纽约需要比richmond多2倍
收入。
Richmond 离美国主要都会城市近，随时去纽约，华盛顿都很方便，而且不用忍受当地
的高房价。
Richmond area拥有 some of the best schools in VA, 16 national blue ribbon
schools, and 2 selective Governor’s school
http://www.schooldigger.com/go/VA/schoolrank.aspx
Richmond Metropolitan Area 最好的地方要算Glen Allen了。Glen Allen 被评为美国
Top66 Best Place to Live in U.S.
http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/moneymag/0707/gallery.BPTL_
Best Place to Live for Young Couples in Virginia
http://www.bestplaces.net/rankings/city/virginia/glen_allen
3） Richmond 的人口
受益与华盛顿强劲经济发展的spill over effect, Richmond 在最近十年发展迅速。
Richmond北部的Henrico County 从1990到2010人口增长58%， Richmond南边的
Chesterfield county人口从1990到2010几乎翻倍（96%）。高速的人口增长带动了房地
产的迅猛发展。
4） Richmond的交通
Richmond距离华盛顿不到2小时，离Virginia beach 2小时，outer banks beach 6小时
， Ocean City Beach 3小时，夏天去海边十分方便
正在建设中的DC向南收费快速公路，规划中的Amtrak子弹头列车，richmond首府附近的
interstate干道建设都为Richmond进一步发展和房价进一步上升提供了条件。
5） 为什么要在richmond买房
由于人口高速发展，新房不断建造。30年的房子在美国很多地方是很新的房子了，但是
在Richmond只能算得上旧房子了。由于大量新房的建造也使得房价得到抑制，30万左右
就买到好学区的4B3B的房子了。
Richmond metro拥有很好的学区,而且property tax 很便宜， Henrico County的地税0
.87%， Chesterfield County0.95%, Richmond city 1.2%.你要知道美国平均水平是2%
到3% ， NJ, TX, NY的地税都达到3% to 6%，很难想象7倍与这里的养房成本加上2，3
倍于这里的购房成本有多么高（property tax assessed 14 to 21 times of you paid
here in richmond,va）。
Richmond离DC很近，VA是美国失业率最低的州之一，尤其是North of VA, 已经接近充
分就业的4.5%。 Richmond的失业率大概在5.3%左右。北边的Henrico County的失业率4
.8%，众多的工作机会也为你换工作，甚至在DC工作，Richmond生活提供了可能。
6） 什么时候买房
如果你感觉你工作稳定了，或者你打算在Richmond呆至少3到5年，那么买房应该是一个
很好的选择。你买的好的话，不仅不用交rent,还可以让升值的房产为你赚钱。如果过
几年需要离开，你也可以委托中介帮你出租房屋，让别人为你供房。
7） 在哪里买房好
Richmond city 里黑人占55%，治安也不太好，所以一般很少中国人买在这里，当然Fan
District, Maymont Park旁的房子也很有特色，但是学区不好。
北边Henrico County的 Glen Allen (zip code 23059, 23060, 23233) 是主要华人和
老印买房的地方，学区好，社区好，干净安全。
南边的chesterfield也有一些华人买房，但是比较少。南边的学区其实也不错，尤其是
Midlothian High, 但是南边很多居住的美国人比较保守，我的印度同事在南边买房后
，他的邻居从来没有请他们做过客，在学校里，老美有些没见过Asian kids的美国小孩
might say“I do not want to play with Indian”. 后来他们还是把南边的房子租了
，在Glen Allen 买房了。
Glen Allen学校里亚裔占8%，北部老中，老印很多，社区还是很国际化的。
下面的link是Richmond Real Estate Guide,后面列上了前一年各个社区的交易数据和
学区成绩情况，对你买房很有帮助。
http://www.richmondmagazine.com/articles/real-estate-guide-2013
8） 学区房 v. 非学区房
看房的时候感触很深，同样的价钱，如果不看学区的话，差学区的房子比好学区的房子
好一两个档次。好学区的旧房子的钱可以在一般学区买新房了。
第一次买房子，一般就是看新旧，大小，location，自己喜欢不喜欢。但是最终有小孩
的还是要换房到好学区的。这是老中老印都一直在干的事。
不可否认的是，好学区的房子比一般学区，甚至差学区的房子保值增值潜力大。学区好
的房子一般治安一定好。治安差的地方学区肯定好不了。加州有一个研究成果，大家可
以google一下，说，好学区的房子比差学区房子价格贵$50/sf. 虽然很多老中老印孩子
因为后来上了governor school,不在本学区上学，但是一个好的学区是你房子保值，增
值，乃至最后能卖的出去的基本。所以大家在长期规划上要把学区考虑进去。
9） 怎样找学区
Henrico County School Rating
http://www.zillow.com/glen-allen-va/schools/#/glen-allen-va/sch
http://www.schooldigger.com/go/VA/schoolrank.aspx
Henrico County School Assignment (这个你能查到你的房子是上哪个学校的)
http://www.henricoschoolboundaries.com/default.asp
10） 美国Agent还是中国Agent
我买房之前跟美国agent和中国agent都聊过。感觉美国agent也不错，但是就是担心在
搞房子具体事情的时候交流不畅，比如我就不知道gutter, HVAC, molding啥意思，要
是找个美国agent我还得找字典，所以我后来还是用了中国agent.
10) Part-Time Agent还是 Full-Time Agent
做agent其实并不难，你学习三个月考试过了就行。所以这一行的进入门槛很低，每年
也淘汰很多，所以我当时的指导思想就是要用就用最好的。
当时考虑过用Part-Time的agent，因为Part-Time agent 会返1%， 是真金白银啊。但
是有个朋友正好刚用过这个Part-Time agent，说工作时间不接电话，信息交流不畅直
接导致他错失一套好房子。所以他强烈建议我不用part-time agent.
后来我最后选的是Sarah Bice. 在这里强力推荐一下我的Agent，我最后抢到好房子全
是她的功劳，也证明full-time agent的重要性。跟大家剖析下我们的抢房历程：
Day 1 NIGHT: Sarah send us the link of the house, 估价比government accessed
value 低，
County Assessor office我的朋友说市场价一般比评估价高7%
Day 2 1pm 跟Sarah一起看房
Day 2 3pm 发了第一个offer
Day 2 5pm seller agent delay decision to next day 10 AM
Day 2 8pm 和Sarah 交流确定加8K
Day 3 845am 确定用escalation clause (willing to pay $1000 more than the
highest bidder and capped at certain amount) 出新offer
Day 3 940am seller offer accepted, 价格是前天晚上的价格，只比accessed value
高几千块
很难想象如果是个part time agent，会这么及时的回复。这个房子2天就delist了，后
来到day3 seller agent 说有超多人打电话看房，她就不耐烦的果断delist了.
11) 买房的网上工具
Henrico County Assessor’s Office 可以查到房子的全部官方信息。比如一些房子宣
称2060sf,其实只有1980sf, 这样一查便知。对于这样不诚实的sellor, 我一般不买。
虽然agent说是源自不同的appraisal source. It will be a problem when you sell.
http://www.co.henrico.va.us/finance/disclaimer/
zillow.com
trulia.com
homes.com
realtor.com
可以查到房子附近房子的价格区间，最近的交易历史
未明精华区和华人的精华区都有大量有参考价值的帖子
http://www.mitbbs.com/bbsdoc3/life.faq/Living/5
http://www.huaren.us/index71.asp?boardid=337&TopicMode=0&List_T
(要注册)
12) 买房首付多少
我个人不喜欢买房投很多钱，自己有点闲钱做点投资也挺好。其实美国买房不用首付多
少， 一般Conventional loan 是5% down payment. Virginia Credit Union 的down
payment 是 3%，
Virginia Housing Development Agency 还有Zero down payment的program, limit on
your income and house price. 很多county也有 first time home buyer
assistance program.意思是你如果是本county居民，收入不超过一定数目，county可
以帮你付一部分首付，你住够5年10年，就不用还这笔钱了。
13）买房和风水
国内讲得朝东朝南还是比较好的朝向。几个我注意到的风水禁忌
主门前有树
开门见楼梯（有化解办法，而且richmond不少房子是这样的）
房子在T型路的交叉处
旁边有高压电线
屋里有人非正常去世（一个好学区的好房子因为这个还没卖掉）
去世人的房子 （county record 的deed前面会有w）
主路旁的房子
14）Conventional Loan or FHA Loan
你的信用分数好，能不用FHA loan就不用， FHA如果你首付付不到20%， 你要一直pay
1.45%的mortgage insurance, 而且还要付一个1.75% of your total loan amount 的
fee，这样的话APR就很高了。Conventional loan 你随时付完20%后，就可以去掉
mortgage insurance了。
15）新房 vs. 旧房
一个懂房的朋友跟我说买房最好是住了7年左右的房子。这样的房子该显露出的问题都
显露出来了，而且又不是特别贵。看过几个80年代的房子，感觉确实需要很多
maintenance的工作。因为在Virginia, 1990年以后build code 有变化， 很多房子细
节有improve. 所以，如果你不是handy man，还是买90年以后的房子比较省心。
16) Home Insurance
10 worst insurance company
https://www.justice.org/docs/TenWorstInsuranceCompanies.pdf
Home Insurance Comp Ranking
http://money.msn.com/home-insurance/best-home-insurance-compani
http://www.consumersearch.com/homeowners-insurance/best-homeown
17) Crime rate
一般学区好的地方，crime都比较少
可以用 www.spotcrime.com来搜索一个地址的crime和追踪crime, sign up for anto
email update everyday.
18) Inspection and Radon Gas
Inspection是一定要做的，这个是和卖家讨价还价的一把利剑，而且你的inspector越
好，能要回来的钱越多。选inspector要看有没有ASHI certification, 你还可以在网
上google inspector的review
http://www.zillow.com/home-buying-guide/home-inspection-checkli
Radon gas 在买房前我根本没听说过。但是后来查了EPA的相关资料，发现Radon这种放
射性气体对人的影响非常大，如果radon test数值大于4，就需要搞mitigation system
.在大richmond地区，Henrico是黄区，相对平均数值较低，但是不排除很多房子在高
radon area. Goochland和 chesterfield是红区，平均数值较高。大家可以参见EPA 的
材料。建议大家对买的房还有现房都做radon test.
http://www.epa.gov/radon/
http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/radiologicalhealth/Rad
http://www.radonease.com/levels.asp
http://www.vdh.state.va.us/epidemiology/dee/PublicHealthToxicol
19)新房买后的注意事项
搬家前要把原来住的apt再漆一边，我们就到lowes买了油漆晚上漆，结果三岁女儿第二
天起来说眼睛疼，鼻子痛（甲醛反应），虽然我们没感觉到什么不同。新建的房子一般
应该空房晾三个月。当然大家可能都急着搬了。这样的话，室内会有污染物残留。建议
大家在amazon上买bamboo charcoal竹炭，活性炭放在沙发下，衣柜里，床下面。注意
通风，买HEPA空气净化器在卧室，宝宝卧房。特别是有宝宝的，要特别特别注意。
20) 时间定律
一路买房下来，发现好的房子确实是一list上去很快就卖完了，一般超过一个星期的房
子，就会有这样那样的问题，至少是要价太高。所以大家要保证最早知道房子list的消
息，zillow,trulia上面一般比local agent晚发布一天，这样就错过了很多时间和机会
。所以一个real time update 的list很重要。在MLS list时间太长，除非你真的喜欢
，价格真的降很多，根本没必要看。多留点时间注意新出的房子。这世界好的东西都抢
的快，没有说一个月了，全世界都没反应过来，就让你捡到便宜了。
21）买房周期
房价是由供求决定的，而买房的需要也是和气温成正比的。天气越好，看房的人越多，
bid and offer 越多，所以房价就越高。所以一般春天开始房价就开始上涨，直到9,10
月份到达上涨高峰。因为9,10月份很多搬家的（转学），需要买房，所以fall是房价的
高峰。随着天气渐冷，看房的逐渐减少，房价也冷却下来，所以房子抢deal的时候，一
般是天冷的时候，不过这时候房子出来的也相对较少。
22) Shop for Mortgage
买房签约后，realtor 会推荐做贷款的，你也可以网上找利率低的，所谓的货比三家就
是这个道理。You can google to find more information.
在lender出具的Good Faith Estimate里有好多条目，你要比较的就是两个，
Origination Fee和Points，因为你如果买point，你自己的钱会多出，而origination
fee会减少， so make sure you are comparing apple to apple.
23) 办贷款
千万不要以为拿到买房的contract就完事大吉了。贷款办不下来，或者贷款拖延导致无
法按照合同要求close，同样会让你前功尽弃。房贷的平均reject rate 是15%， Wells
Fargo rejection rate 高达22%。所以你在办贷款的时候要多了解。有时间要去读一
下mortgage underwriting guideline, 因为你的loan的发放，不是由loan officer,
mortgage broker来决定的，他们只是collect docs and info, 最后是由underwriter
决定的。知道underwriter的工作原则使你自己心里有谱。在你递交房贷申请和房贷批
准之间，不要申请信用卡，car loan, ask for credit line increase, 信用卡最好每
月pay off. 你债务增加会严重影响你mortgage的批准。
https://www.google.com/#newwindow=1&q=mortgage+underwriting+guideline&safe=
active
24) DO NOT BUY ANYTHING USING CREDIT AFTER YOU APPLY FOR MORTGAGE AND BEFORE
LOAN CLOSING.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/07/realestate/pre-closing-credit
http://www.bankrate.com/finance/mortgages/3-ways-to-mess-up-a-h
http://www.trulia.com/guide/home_buying/close_the_purchase/thin
25) Final Walk-Through and Closing
http://www.allaspectsinspections.com/forms/Final_walk_thru_chec
26) On the Day of Closing
Bring you ID and cashier’s check to the closing office. Wait until the deed
is recorded and the loan is funded to use your credit card or apply for
credit.
27) Thing to do After Closing
http://strawstickstone.com/homeowners/the-first-10-things-you-s
【转】在美国的新手买房指南
作者: TongYe 日期: 2012/07/14 发表评论 (3) 查看评论
信源：今日华讯论坛 作者：seabiscuit
在美国，买房就像买车或者其他东西一样实实在在，不再是一个遥不可及的梦想。鉴于
大多数人在美国都是第一次买房（包括我自己在内），在此把自己的一些经历和经验写
出来，希望能够对大家有所帮助。另外，错误不足之处在所难免，望大家批评指正。
1.为什么要买房？
这个问题有点超出本贴讨论的范围了，故不做详细展开，基本上决定了买房的人，应该
都有一个清醒的认识了。通常的一种说法是，如果买了后能够住上至少3年 （最好5年
），就要比住公寓划算了。本人没有进行过相应的计算，只是列出这种说法供大家参考
。另外，住在自己房子（理论上讲，没还清贷款之间，应该算是银 行的房子）里那种
舒服惬意的感觉，是住在公寓里无法比较的。
2.决定买房后需要做什么？
无非就是几件事：1). 找房看房；2). 讨价还价及签合同；3). 房屋检查申请贷款；4)
. Closing及搬家。下面就针对这几个方面进行一下讨论。
3.找房看房之前
有两件事需要做。一件事先查一下自己的信用分数，信用分数决定了你能否带到款及利
率的高低，先做到心里有数比较好。网上可以搜到很多公司提供类似 credit monitor
的服务，一般收费在$10左右一个月，可以订购这种服务几个月，买了房后再取消。一
般信用分数要超过600才能拿到较为满意的贷款，650 以上拿到最好的贷款应该没什么
问题。下文中将稍加介绍如果提高自己的信用分数。第二件事就是从银行或其他提供贷
款服务的金融机构拿到一个pre- approval 或者pre-qualification letter，目前很多
金融机构可以在网上申请拿到，google一下相应的关键词就可以找到。这个东西没有任
何约束力，只是用来说明你是真的想买房子而 且有相应的能力，有些realtor或者卖家
会要求看买家的这个letter.
4.找房看房
在美国卖房子一般有两种途径，一种是通过房屋经纪公司（Realtor，象Remax,
Meybohm等都是一些大型的房屋中介公司），这种形式需要卖主付给中介公司和中介人
相应的报酬（一般是房款的5-7%左右）。另外一种方式是自己卖， 不用付给任何人服
务费。相应地，买房人也就有两种途径，一种是和房屋经纪公司及其代理人联系，通过
中介购买，买房人不需要支付给中介任何服务费用。另外一 种就是自己寻找sell by
owner的房源，和卖家直接联系。这两种方式各有利弊：
1). 通过中介公司买房，比较省事，只要联系确定好一个realtor（房屋中介人），告
诉他你需要什么样的房子，大概价位是多少，地段在哪里，realtor 会搜索他的数据库
，把符合你要求的房子挑出来给你，由你决定看哪些房子。然后和realtor约个合适的
时间，他会带你去看你选中的那些房子，还会给你介 绍相应的房子并回答你的问题，
效率非常高。这种方式的缺点一个是由于卖方要付给中介服务费，所以房屋的价格相应
会高一些，而且还价比较困难。另外一个缺点 是，虽然买方不需要付中介费，但是一
般还是要和中介签订排外合同，合同往往会规定买方在特定时间内（合同生效3-6个月
内）如果买房的话必须通过该中介交 易，而且不能自己和sell by owner的卖方联系。
这样的话，如果你在和中介签订服务合同后，又看上一个sell by owner的房源，就会
很麻烦了。如果终止和中介的合同，是要付违约金的，一般金额还不少（可能要几千块
钱）。所以在和中介签订合同前，要看清楚合同的条 款，有任何疑问的话，就不要着
急签字，先弄清楚再说。
2). 如果决定购买sell by owner的房子，就需要经常出去在自己中意的地段逛逛，看
看哪个房子是sell by owner的，然后和房主直接联系。所以这种方式的缺点显而易见
，就是房源有限，要花很多时间去找。但是一旦找到的话，可以比较容易的和房主谈价
钱。
3). 需要指出的是，房屋中介能够帮到你的基本上就是在找房看房这个阶段，后面的步
骤，包括申请贷款，房屋closing等还是需要自己完成。另外，买方的中介 对你讲价的
帮助不大，因为他也是从卖家那里按照房款的比例拿佣金的，房屋最终的售价越高，他
能拿到的佣金也就越多。在讲价过程中，中介基本上也就是起到一 个传声筒的作用。
5.讨价还价及签合同
房子看好以后，一般有以下几种方式确定合适的价格(offer)：
1). 首先当然是自己能够承受的价格范围，这个因素和自己的家庭收入，常规支出等因
素有关，一般不难确定；
2). 看一下房屋所在county对该房屋价格的评估（该价格是用来确定每年的房屋税的多
少，每年都会调整），一般房屋的售价应该不会偏离该估价太多；
3). 如果有realtor的话，他可以帮你查该地段类似的房子最近时期的售价作为参考（
应该也有网站可以自己查，欢迎大家补充）；
4). 还价是一门艺术，可惜本人不精于此道，只能谈一些技术层面的问题，欢迎各位高
人补充介绍经验；
如果有realtor的话，你的出价直接报给你的realtor，由他和对方realtor联系，再把
答复告诉你；如果是sell by owner的话，就直接和卖家联系了。如果双方对价格没有
异议了，就可以签订购房合同了。
购房合同有很多不同的版本，如果有realtor的话，他应该会提供相应的购房合同。如
果是sell by owner的话，可以有卖家提供合同样本，双方协商满意后再签字。一般合
同的内容主要包括：
1). 房屋和卖方买方的基本信息；
2). 房屋价格；
3). 付款方式（贷款或者一次付清）；
4). 订金（earnest money,good faith deposit）数量及返还条件（一般是如果卖方由
于不可抗原因，例如贷款没有申请下来，无法购买该房屋，订金应该全额返还）；
5). 房屋检查（inspection）期限及问题处理方法；
6). Closing日期；
7). realtor佣金；
8). 合同的终止条件及相应的惩罚办法；
9). 其他事宜：比如一些家用电器（洗衣机，烘干机，冰箱等）的归属；closing cost
由谁支付等等。
另外，在签订合同前，还需要了解该房屋所在小区有没有HOA（home owner
association），如果有的话，每年需要支付一定的费用(HOA费)，用于一些公共设施的
维护。另外，还需要研究一下该HOA的规定，看有没有难 以接受或做到的部分，比如有
些规定车库门只有在车辆进出是才能打开和关闭，平常不可以打开车库门；或者门前的
driveway能否停车等等）。
一般来说，签订合同后，买方还有机会可以不受损失的终止合同，例如对home
inspection的检查结果不满意，卖方又不愿意降价或者修复；或者对HOA的收费或者条
款不满意等等。而卖家则没有太多的情况可以随意的终止合同。
6.房屋检查及申请贷款
房屋检查(home inspection)是买房过程中非常重要的一个环节，但不是一个必须的环
节，如果你对房屋建造、结构、家用电器等比较了解，也可以自己进行检查。但如 果
没什么信心的话，还是请专业的home inspector来进行。local有很多从事home
inspection的公司，可以从网上或者黄页上找到，一般收费根据房屋的大小会有所不同
。至于inspector的水平，一般专业公司的从业人员都还 可以。检查的时候最好跟着
inspector，一来熟悉熟悉房屋，另外也可以随时问些问题，有些东西在他们看来是很
简单的，但对于初次购房者来说可能就不 太明白了，比如水泥地上的裂缝，墙上的裂
缝等等。专业的检查人员还可以发现很多平常不容易发现的问题，有些很容易搞定，但
有些就比较致命。检查之后，检查 员会出具书面报告，告诉你有哪些重大问题和一般
性问题。另外，如果inspector对屋顶材料或者电路等存在疑问的话，还会建议你联系
相应的专业人员再 次进行检查。这些都会让你对房屋有进一步的了解，以确定是否要
购买该房屋，以及给你进一步讨价还价提供依据。检查费用一般由买方支付。
进行了房屋检查，并和卖方确定了对所发现问题的处理方法后，就可以开始申请贷款了
。这个步骤是整个买房过程中最重要的一个环节，也是决定能否成功买 房的关键（当
然，准备一次付清者例外）。申请贷款一般有两个途径。一个是找local的银行申请，
另外一个是找一些专门的broker申请（收集大量个人 贷款申请，然后批发给银行）。
这两种方法都可以试试，然后根据他们提供给你的贷款收费详细条目（good faith
estimate，GFE）进行选择。其实，在签订购房合同之前，就可以开始和银行或者
broker联系了，只需要向他们提供你需要贷款的金额（大概金额 就可以了，不过最好
和你最后要贷的数量相差不大）、你的信用分数范围、贷款年限（如果还没决定，可以
让他们提供两份estimate，比如针对15年和 30年）、首付比例等信息，然后让他们提
供good faith estimate给你。Good faith estimate是对贷款利率和closing cost的一
个估计，之所以称为good faith，就是说在你提供的信息准确前提下，最终的closing
cost和利率等和该estimate不会有太大差别。因而也是比较各个银行或broker所提供的
贷款好坏的重要依据。银行或broker在提供给你 Good faith estimate的同时，也会提
供相关的其他一些信息，例如各种points等。下面就对Good faith estimate的内容进
行一下详细介绍。
GFE一般由下面几部分组成，每一个条目都有一个数字编号。
银行的收费（800 ITEMS PAYABLE IN CONNECTION WITH LOAN，每个银行在这部分的差
别较大，重点关注部分）
付给county的费用（1200 GOVERNMENT RECORDING & TRANSFER CHARGES，固定收费，不
由银行决定）
付给律师的费用（1100 TITLE CHARGES，估计值，由你选定的律师决定）
付给保险公司的费用（1000 RESERVES DEPOSITED WITH LENDER，估计值，由你选定的
保险公司和具体投保项目决定）
900 ITEMS REQUIRED BY LENDER TO BE PAID IN ADVANCE（主要包括预付的当月利息和
保险本金等等，分别由贷款利率和所选保险公司决定,不同银行差别不大）。
因此，需要重点关注的部分就是以8开头的费用，该部分由贷款银行收取，不同银行的
差别很大，主要包括：
801 Lender’s Loan Origination Fee：贷款银行为申请人建立该贷款而收取的手续费
，一般和所贷金额成正比；少数银行可能不收取该费用。
802 Lender’s Loan Discount Fee：贷款银行为保证其给申请人提供的贷款利率而收
取的一次性费用（也称为discount point），一个point相当于贷款额的1%，有的银行
不收取该费用。更多的情况是银行会给你两种选择，带point的和不带point的，前者的
利 率要比后者低，point越高，利率越低。实际上这个相当于现在一次性多付首付额而
降低以后每个月的付款额。如果手头比较宽裕的话，可以买些 points，用来降低利率
（月供额）。一般一个point应该能降低0.25%的利率（不记得该数字是否准确，请向贷
款银行确定）
803 Appraisal Fee：房屋评估费用。银行批准贷款之前会找专门的评估公司对该地产
的价值进行评估。该费用由购房人支付。
804 Credit Report：贷款银行需要调查你的信用分数和历史。该费用付给提供信用卡
分数的公司。
808 Tax Service Fee：贷款银行需要了解该房屋的税收历史。该费用付给提供该信息
的公司。
809 Underwriting Review：贷款银行的审核员（underwriter）审核贷款的费用。
814 Yield Spread Premium：不由贷款人支付。
816 Origination Due Broker：作用和802一样。
818 Processing Fee：处理你的贷款申请的手续费。
819 Escrow Waiver Fee：如果选择不建立Escrow帐户则需要支付的一次性费用。
Wire Transfer：转账费用。
876 Lender closing fee：贷款公司收取的总closing费用。
值得说明的是，上述费用不是所有银行都收取，有的银行在某个收费上低或者不收取该
费用，不代表他的总体closing费用会低，因为他肯定会在其他 项目上多收费。因此，
在拿到不同银行的GFE后，需要综合比较各个项目，以及总的closing费用(876项）。另
外，还要看拿到的利率的高低。网上有 很短房屋贷款的计算工具，比如http://www.mortgage-calc.com/mortgage/ 。Google一下会找到更多。他们可以帮助你计算不同利率的月供，买point降低利率是否划算（在多少年内还清才划算）。一般的规律是，如果准备短期 内还清，就不要买point，尽快把钱还清。如果准备20-30年还清，可以现在买point降低利率，以减少月供。具体的年限，需要通过计算才能得出 来。
本地的几乎所有银行都有房屋贷款业务，象BOA, First Bank, Georgia Bank and
Trust, HCCU, Queensboro Bank。个人推荐优先考虑本地的小银行，他们服务都很好，
也很灵活，速度也快。象BOA，就比较死板，而且据说很慢。亚特兰大有很多broker，
如果 有人需要，我也可以提供相关信息。
关于Escrow帐户，再多说两句，该账户是由贷款银行建立用来支付你的房屋保险和房地
产税的。这样每年你就不用为支付这两项费用操心了。不过不要 高兴太早，银行才不
会这么好心，白白帮你做事。建立这个帐户后，你需要每个月和房屋贷款的月供一起把
相当于一个月的房屋保险和房地产税一起交给银行，由他 们替你保管，到了每年交保
险和税的时候，银行会替你从该账户支付。这样有什么不好？一个是你每个月交给银行
的钱要多于你的贷款月供，会增加你的还款压力。 另外，银行每个月都预收了你的费
用，但是每年只支付一次，这期间这笔钱银行可以用来进行投资等金融活动，对银行来
说是好处多多。当然，你也可以选择不建立 该账户，但是代价就是你就要多付closing
费用或者银行提高你的贷款利率。
确定了贷款银行后，就可以正式锁定利率和申请贷。，申请贷款时，需要提供的材各个
银行可能有些差别，不过一般都需要：
1).购房合同的复印件，用来确定贷款金额；
2).过去3-6个月的银行对账单复印件（证明你有能力支付首付和closing cost），不同
贷款银行对你用来支付首付的钱在你的帐户上存在时间有不同规定，但一般不会少于3
个月，即你必须证明该笔款项已经在你的帐户里存了3个月以上；
3).工资单（有的要一个月，有的要两个月）；
4).W-2 form;
5).合法居留身份证明（绿卡、2019表等）；
6).其它（根据银行不同）。
关于身份问题，应该说明的是没有规定什么身份不能买房，只要你是合法居留美国而且
能够支付起房款（贷款或全款）就没有问题。对于贷款而言，同样没有 规定什么身份
不能申请贷款，只要你能提供相应的材料证明：1.你是合法居留美国；2.你有足够的工
资收入支付月供；3.你不会马上离开美国（以保证该贷款 的稳定性，最好能提供有效
期一年以上的居留证明文件），银行就会接受你的贷款申请，进行审批。不过，一些
broker可能会不接受J1等身份的申请，因为 相对绿卡或者H1B来说，要麻烦一些，但不
说明你拿不到贷款，这要换一家愿意接受你申请的银行就行了。对于J1身份这里再多说
两句，2019表可以证明你 是合法居留美国；工资单和银行对账单可以证明你有足够的
经济实力买房；至于能否在美国待上一段较长的时间，可以通过2019表的到期时间（如
果还有超过1 年的有效期），或者书面说明你会在近期内转成H1B身份等等来证明。不
过如果贷款银行没有质疑这个问题，那就不用多此一举了。
7.Closing及搬家
一般银行贷款审批过程至少需要3周左右，因此在签订合同时如果规定了closing data
最好留够余量，省得到时候还要修改合同。审批过程中间可以给银行打电话问一下进度
，如果告知材料没有问题，那就是时间问题，等吧 。
等银行贷款批准下来之后，还有两件事要做。一是找律师办理closing。另外一件是找
保险公司买房屋保险。找律师的话，可以翻一下黄页，或者让你 的realtor推荐，
closing对律师来说只是小case，很容易搞定。如果需要的话，我也可以推荐我当初用
过的律师（站内联系）。可以多问几家， 主要是看时间是否合适以及收费情况。
保险公司的话和买汽车保险差不多，多找几家公司报价，比较一下。一般和汽车保险一
起会拿到比较好的offer。这里推荐一下Liberty Mutual，比较便宜，服务也不错，有
很多discounts,包括referral, ACS等等，买的时候多问一下，往往会有意外惊奇 。
这两件事都要在closing之前完成。你的贷款银行会将贷款的相关资料提供给closing律
师，同时你的房屋保险公司也需要把相关资料提供给你的贷款银行和律师。所以在等贷
款审批的同时，可以先关注一下这两件事，等贷款批下来后尽快办完。
在closing之间另外一件事就是要再去看一下房子，重点是当初房屋检查时发现的问题
是否已经按照约定得到了满意的解决 。如果有realtor的话，他应该会提醒你。一般是
在closing当天进行。
另外，要在closing之前准备好用来支付首付和closing费的支票，支票是开给给你办
closing的律师的，贷款银行会告诉你具体金额， 不能用个人支票，最好去你存钱的银
行开具cashier’s check（BOA不收手续费），如果你的钱是在其它网上银行的话，最
好早点转到本地银行，方便操作。如果支票金额和最后closing的费用有差别的 话，也
不用担心，可以用个人支票补足。
还有一件事在closing和搬家之前要做好的就是，开通新房的水、电、气等或者转到你
的名下 。一般打电话就可以办，根据county的不同，在网上可以找到相应的联系电话
。开通的时间可以定在搬家前一天，他们一般周末不工作，因此如果周末搬家的 话，
要提前到周五开通。象有线电视，电话，网络，垃圾处理可以等到入住后再说。
Closing本身就没有什么好说的了，基本上就是签一大堆文件 ，一般律师会给你解释一
下每一份文件是干什么用的，能听懂多少就是多少，听不懂也没关系，签字就行了。然
后就是分脏了，律师会把给各方的支票准备好。最后 就是拿钥匙走人了。至此，房子
就是你的了（其实，是银行的，直到你还清贷款之前 ）。
搬家就更没什么可说的了，迷信的话看看黄历，挑个良辰吉日 ，无所谓的话，随时都
可以搬。叫上三、五个好友，租个大U-haul，把没用的东西处理掉，然后就向新家进军
了。 | s*******y
发帖数: 46535 | 44 写的不错，不过21不准确。买房子一般都在夏天，9月份小孩们上学了，需要给小孩上学
的美国人不会到9、10月份才买房的
of
that
buying
closing
【在 z**k 的大作中提到】
:
: 本文是根据我们几个月买房的经验心得收集而成， 收集了一般买房中需要注意的事项
: ， focus on Richmond, VA, 希望对大家提供些许帮助。
: General Rule: LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION, Be mindful about the location of
: the house you buy. It is the single most important investment most people
: make in their life. Using an investment perspective. Do not buy any one that
: you think it is good but may never get sold or rented. Easy to sell, easy
: to rent out, easy to liquidate should always be at your mind when you buying
: a house. Consider the community you will be living in, it should be closing
: to your friends and major amenities of the city/county.
| z**k
发帖数: 945 | 45 由于天气原因，看房人数，房价和房子list数量都在夏秋季节达到峰值 | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 46 Richmond 给宝宝选Preschool
我个人是很重视学前和小学教育的，我认为小学比大学重要的多。人的性格，习惯，品
格都是从小塑造的。一棵小树你不把它的杂枝砍掉，他难以成为参天大树。或者说等到
他大了，你再想砍，发现你已经没这个能力了。
Richmond很多幼儿园供大家选
1）Richmond Montessori School
richmont.org/
这是richmond地区唯一fully acrredited 的蒙校。关于蒙校和一般学校，大家可以考
古。我的同事就是送她女儿上这个学校。学费很贵，据他说没啥不一样，就是隔三差五
要钱。小孩在学校规规矩矩，回家就该咋样还咋样。
2）全国连锁教育机构
Primrose, le petite, Goddard, Rainbow Station
这些都是比较有名，有口碑的。关键是小孩喜欢，你可以自己进去观察一下小孩，师生
比例， 老师的态度。
3）Child Development Center at Wyndham: CDCW
www.cdcw.us/
当时选这个是因为宝宝进去的时候就非常喜欢，后来观察了一下师生比例，老师态度，
发现都很好。硬件在richmond绝对是一流的，不过你可能要排队。大家可以去考察一番
。他们thanksgiving, Halloween, Christmas 办的活动都非常精彩。
4） Church 办的幼儿园
有一些朋友也送孩子到教会学校，费用会便宜一些，质量也不错。因为没有亲身体会，
所以不敢妄加评论。
希望对大家有所帮助。 | s*****h
发帖数: 937 | 47 大家都连上WeChat了吗？
【在 z**k 的大作中提到】
: 本俱乐部面向所有生活，工作，学习在Richmond 都会地区的华人
: 开放。
: 希望大家能通过这个平台相识相知，相互交流，互通友谊
: 我们也可以根据大家的兴趣，组织各种活动。
: 希望斑竹顶置！
: QQ 群号：226480812
: 加入方法
: 1）登陆QQ
: 2) 点击右下角 查找
: 3）选择 找群，输入QQ 号226480812
| h******a
发帖数: 70 | | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 49 Richmond 道路交通法律严苛，一不小心就挨罚，注意这不是你交钱就行了，reckless
driving is a criminal offense,你将来找工作，换工作，办绿卡，续绿卡都受影响。
所以来VA的同学还是很有必要好好学习一下。
举个例子
转弯不打灯 is a crime in VA
70限速开80 is a crime in VA
见警车救护车来不避让 is a crime in VA
Reckless Driving (Felony or Misdemeanor)
· Reckless driving - speeding in excess of 80 mph (11 years)
· Reckless driving - speeding 20 mph or more above the posted speed
limit (11 years)
· Reckless driving - racing (11 years)
· Reckless driving - passing or overtaking an emergency vehicle (11
years)
· Reckless driving - passing a school bus (11 years)
· Reckless driving - passing on the crest of a hill (11 years)
· Reckless driving - passing at a railroad crossing (11 years)
· Reckless driving - passing two vehicles abreast (11 years)
· Reckless driving - driving two vehicles abreast (11 years)
· Reckless driving - driving too fast for conditions (11 years)
· Reckless driving - failing to give a proper signal (11 years)
· Reckless driving - faulty brakes/improper control (11 years)
· Reckless driving - on parking lots, etc. (11 years)
· Reckless driving - with an obstructed view (11 years)
· Reckless driving - generally (11 years)
· Speeding 20 mph or more above the posted speed limit (5 years)
http://www.dmv.state.va.us/drivers/#points_6.asp
TYPES OF VIRGINIA RECKLESS DRIVING IN VIRGINIA:
The most common form of reckless driving is speeding 20+ over the speed
limit but as you review that following the Virginia Legislature has decided
to make many different types of driving behavior as “Reckless Driving”
(1) Speeding 20+ over the posted speed limit;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-862. Exceeding speed limit - A person shall be
guilty of reckless driving who drives a motor vehicle on the highways in the
Commonwealth (i) at a speed of twenty miles per hour or more in excess of
the applicable maximum speed limit where the applicable speed limit is
thirty miles per hour or less, (ii) at a speed of sixty miles per hour or
more where the applicable maximum speed limit is thirty-five miles per hour,
(iii) at a speed of twenty miles per hour or more in excess of the
applicable maximum speed limits where the applicable maximum speed limit is
forty miles per hour or more, or (iv) in excess of eighty miles per hour
regardless of the applicable maximum speed limit).
(2) Driving over 80 mph.
Virginia Code Section 46.2-862 Exceeding speed limit - A person shall be
guilty of reckless driving who drives a motor vehicle on the highways in the
Commonwealth (i) at a speed of twenty miles per hour or more in excess of
the applicable maximum speed limit where the applicable speed limit is
thirty miles per hour or less, (ii) at a speed of sixty miles per hour or
more where the applicable maximum speed limit is thirty-five miles per hour,
(iii) at a speed of twenty miles per hour or more in excess of the
applicable maximum speed limits where the applicable maximum speed limit is
forty miles per hour or more, or (iv) in excess of eighty miles per hour
regardless of the applicable maximum speed limit).
(3) Failing to give proper signal;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-860. Failing to give proper signals – A person
shall be guilty of reckless driving who fails to give adequate and timely
signals of intention to turn, partly turn, slow down, or stop, as required
by Article 6 (Virginia Code Section 46.2-848 et seq.) of this chapter.
(4) Improper brakes, or while vehicle not under proper control;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-853. Driving vehicle which is not under control;
faulty brakes - A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives a
vehicle which is not under proper control or which has inadequate or
improperly adjusted brakes on any highway in the Commonwealth.
(5) Driving to fast for traffic conditions;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-861. Driving too fast for highway and traffic
conditions - A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who exceeds a
reasonable speed under the circumstances and traffic conditions existing at
the time, regardless of any posted speed limit.
(6) Failure to yield right-of-way when merging onto highway;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-863. Failure to yield right-of-way - A person
shall be guilty of reckless driving who fails to bring his vehicle to a stop
immediately before entering a highway from a side road when there is
traffic approaching on such highway within 500 feet of such point of
entrance, unless (i) a “Yield Right-of-Way” sign is posted or (ii) where
such sign is posted, fails, upon entering such highway, to yield the right-
of-way to the driver of a vehicle approaching on such highway from either
direction.
(7) Driving in a manner generally endangering others;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-852. Reckless driving; general rule -
Irrespective of the maximum speeds permitted by law, any person who drives a
vehicle on any highway recklessly or at a speed or in a manner so as to
endanger the life, limb, or property of any person shall be guilty of
reckless driving;
(8) Passing a stopped, properly equipped school bus;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-859. Passing a stopped school bus;
(9) Overtaking/passing an emergency vehicle;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-829. Approach of law-enforcement or fire-fighting
vehicles, rescue vehicles, or ambulances; violation as failure to yield
right-of-way - Upon the approach of any emergency vehicle as defined in
Virginia Code Section 46.2-920 giving audible signal by siren, exhaust
whistle, or air horn designed to give automatically intermittent signals,
and displaying a flashing, blinking, or alternating emergency light or
lights as provided in Virginia Code Section 46.2-1022 through 46.2-1024, the
driver of every other vehicle shall, as quickly as traffic and other
highway conditions permit, drive to the nearest edge of the roadway, clear
of any intersection of highways, and stop and remain there, unless otherwise
directed by a law-enforcement officer, until the emergency vehicle has
passed. This provision shall not relieve the driver of any such vehicle to
which the right-of-way is to be yielded of the duty to drive with due regard
for the safety of all persons using the highway, nor shall it protect the
driver of any such vehicle from the consequences of an arbitrary exercise of
such right-of-way. Violation of this section shall constitute failure to
yield the right-of-way; however, any violation of this section that involves
overtaking or passing a moving emergency vehicle giving an audible signal
and displaying activated warning lights as provided for in this section
shall constitute reckless driving, punishable as provided in Virginia Code
Section 46.2-868.
(10) Racing;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-865. Racing; penalty - Any person who engages in
a race between two or more motor vehicles on the highways in the
Commonwealth or on any driveway or premises of a church, school,
recreational facility, or business property open to the public in the
Commonwealth shall be guilty of reckless driving, unless authorized by the
owner of the property or his agent. When any person is convicted of reckless
driving under this section, in addition to any other penalties provided by
law the driver’s license of such person shall be suspended by the court for
a period of not less than six months nor more than two years. In case of
conviction the court shall order the surrender of the license to the court
where it shall be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of Virginia
Code Section 46.2-398.
(11) Passing a vehicle at a crest or a grade;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-854. Passing on or at the crest of a grade or on
a curve – A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who, while driving a
vehicle, overtakes and passes another vehicle proceeding in the same
direction, on or approaching the crest of a grade or on or approaching a
curve in the highway, where the driver’s view along the highway is
obstructed, except where the overtaking vehicle is being operated on a
highway having two or more designated lanes of roadway for each direction of
travel or on a designated one-way roadway or highway.
(12) Overloaded vehicle such as to obstruct/interfere with driver’s control
;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-855. Driving with driver’s view obstructed or
control impaired - A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives a
vehicle when it is so loaded, or when there are in the front seat such
number of persons, as to obstruct the view of the driver to the front or
sides of the vehicle or to interfere with the driver’s control over the
driving mechanism of the vehicle.
(13) Passing another vehicle at a railroad grade crossing;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-858. Passing at a railroad grade crossing – A
person shall be guilty of reckless driving who overtakes or passes any other
vehicle proceeding in the same direction at any railroad grade crossing or
at any intersection of highways unless such vehicles are being operated on a
highway having two or more designated lanes of roadway for each direction
of travel or unless such intersection is designated and marked as a passing
zone or on a designated one-way street or highway, or while pedestrians are
passing or about to pass in front of either of such vehicles, unless
permitted so to do by a traffic light or law-enforcement officer.
(14) Reckless Driving in “parking areas”.
Virginia Code Section 46.2-864. Reckless driving on parking lots, etc. – A
person shall be guilty of reckless driving who operates any motor vehicle at
a speed or in a manner so as to endanger the life, limb, or property of any
person: 1. On any driveway or premises of a church, school, recreational
facility, or business property open to the public; or 2. On the premises of
any industrial establishment providing parking space for customers, patrons,
or employees; or 3. On any highway under construction or not yet open to
the public.
(15) Passing two vehicles abreast;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-856. Passing two vehicles abreast – A person
shall be guilty of reckless driving who passes or attempts to pass two other
vehicles abreast, moving in the same direction, except on highways having
separate roadways of three or more lanes for each direction of travel, or on
designated one-way streets or highways. This section shall not apply,
however, to a motor vehicle passing two other vehicles when one or both of
such other vehicles is a bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility
device, electric power-assisted bicycle, or moped; nor shall this section
apply to a bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device, electric
power-assisted bicycle, or moped passing two other vehicles.
(16) Driving two abreast in a single lane;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-857. Driving two abreast in a single lane – A
person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives any motor vehicle,
including any motorcycle, so as to be abreast of another vehicle in a lane
designed for one vehicle, or drives any motor vehicle, including any
motorcycle, so as to travel abreast of any other vehicle traveling in a lane
designed for one vehicle. However, this section shall not apply to any
validly authorized parade, motorcade, or motorcycle escort, nor shall it
apply to a motor vehicle traveling in the same lane of traffic as a bicycle,
electric personal assistive mobility device, electric power-assisted
bicycle, or moped.
The lawyers of The Gordon Law Firm have represented more than 500 people
charged with Reckless Driving and other traffic related misdemeanors in
Northern Virginia. If you have any questions about Reckless Driving, call
our law firm for a free initial consultation at 866.591.6682 or 703.218.8416
or e-mail us.
http://www.virginiaadvocates.com/services/types-reckless-drivin
Here are Virginia's Reckless Driving laws effective July 1, 2011.
§ 46.2-852. Reckless driving; general rule
Irrespective of the maximum speeds permitted by law, any person who drives a
vehicle on any highway recklessly or at a speed or in a manner so as to
endanger the life, limb, or property of any person shall be guilty of
reckless driving.
§ 46.2-853. Driving vehicle which is not under control; faulty brakes
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives a vehicle which is
not under proper control or which has inadequate or improperly adjusted
brakes on any highway in the Commonwealth.
§ 46.2-854. Passing on or at the crest of a grade or on a curve
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who, while driving a vehicle,
overtakes and passes another vehicle proceeding in the same direction, on or
approaching the crest of a grade or on or approaching a curve in the
highway, where the driver's view along the highway is obstructed, except
where the overtaking vehicle is being operated on a highway having two or
more designated lanes of roadway for each direction of travel or on a
designated one-way roadway or highway.
§ 46.2-855. Driving with driver's view obstructed or control impaired
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives a vehicle when it is
so loaded, or when there are in the front seat such number of persons, as
to obstruct the view of the driver to the front or sides of the vehicle or
to interfere with the driver's control over the driving mechanism of the
vehicle.
§ 46.2-856. Passing two vehicles abreast
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who passes or attempts to pass
two other vehicles abreast, moving in the same direction, except on highways
having separate roadways of three or more lanes for each direction of
travel, or on designated one-way streets or highways. This section shall not
apply, however, to a motor vehicle passing two other vehicles when one or
both of such other vehicles is a bicycle, electric personal assistive
mobility device, electric power-assisted bicycle, or moped; nor shall this
section apply to a bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device,
electric power-assisted bicycle, or moped passing two other vehicles.
§ 46.2-857. Driving two abreast in a single lane
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives any motor vehicle,
including any motorcycle, so as to be abreast of another vehicle in a lane
designed for one vehicle, or drives any motor vehicle, including any
motorcycle, so as to travel abreast of any other vehicle traveling in a lane
designed for one vehicle. However, this section shall not apply to (i) any
validly authorized parade, motorcade, or motorcycle escort, or law-
enforcement officers driving motorcycles while on official duty; (ii) a
motor vehicle traveling in the same lane of traffic as a bicycle, electric
personal assistive mobility device, electric power-assisted bicycle, or
moped; nor shall it apply to (iii) any vehicle when lawfully overtaking and
passing one or more vehicles traveling in the same direction in a separate
lane.
§ 46.2-858. Passing at a railroad grade crossing
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who overtakes or passes any
other vehicle proceeding in the same direction at any railroad grade
crossing or at any intersection of highways unless such vehicles are being
operated on a highway having two or more designated lanes of roadway for
each direction of travel or unless such intersection is designated and
marked as a passing zone or on a designated one-way street or highway, or
while pedestrians are passing or about to pass in front of either of such
vehicles, unless permitted so to do by a traffic light or law-enforcement
officer.
§ 46.2-859. Passing a stopped school bus; prima facie evidence
A person driving a motor vehicle shall stop such vehicle when approaching,
from any direction, any school bus which is stopped on any highway, private
road or school driveway for the purpose of taking on or discharging children
, the elderly, or mentally or physically handicapped persons, and shall
remain stopped until all the persons are clear of the highway, private road
or school driveway and the bus is put in motion; any person violating the
foregoing is guilty of reckless driving. The driver of a vehicle, however,
need not stop when approaching a school bus if the school bus is stopped on
the other roadway of a divided highway, on an access road, or on a driveway
when the other roadway, access road, or driveway is separated from the
roadway on which he is driving by a physical barrier or an unpaved area. The
driver of a vehicle also need not stop when approaching a school bus which
is loading or discharging passengers from or onto property immediately
adjacent to a school if the driver is directed by a law-enforcement officer
or other duly authorized uniformed school crossing guard to pass the school
bus. This section shall apply to school buses which are equipped with
warning devices prescribed in § 46.2-1090 and are painted yellow with the
words "School Bus" in black letters at least eight inches high on the front
and rear thereof. Only school buses which are painted yellow and equipped
with the required lettering and warning devices shall be identified as
school buses.
The testimony of the school bus driver, the supervisor of school buses or a
law-enforcement officer that the vehicle was yellow, conspicuously marked as
a school bus, and equipped with warning devices as prescribed in § 46.2-
1090 is prima facie evidence that the vehicle is a school bus.
§ 46.2-860. Failing to give proper signals
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who fails to give adequate and
timely signals of intention to turn, partly turn, slow down, or stop, as
required by Article 6 (§ 46.2-848 et seq.) of this chapter.
§ 46.2-861. Driving too fast for highway and traffic conditions
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who exceeds a reasonable speed
under the circumstances and traffic conditions existing at the time,
regardless of any posted speed limit.
§ 46.2-862. Exceeding speed limit
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives a motor vehicle on
the highways in the Commonwealth (i) at a speed of twenty miles per hour or
more in excess of the applicable maximum speed limit or (ii) in excess of
eighty miles per hour regardless of the applicable maximum speed limit.
§ 46.2-863. Failure to yield right-of-way
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who fails to bring his vehicle
to a stop immediately before entering a highway from a side road when there
is traffic approaching on such highway within 500 feet of such point of
entrance, unless (i) a "Yield Right-of-Way" sign is posted or (ii) where
such sign is posted, fails, upon entering such highway, to yield the right-
of-way to the driver of a vehicle approaching on such highway from either
direction.
§ 46.2-864. Reckless driving on parking lots, etc
A person is guilty of reckless driving who operates any motor vehicle at a
speed or in a manner so as to endanger the life, limb, or property of any
person:1. On any driveway or premises of a church, school, recreational
facility, or business or governmental property open to the public; or 2. On
the premises of any industrial establishment providing parking space for
customers, patrons, or employees; or 3. On any highway under construction or
not yet open to the public.
§ 46.2-865. Racing; penalty
Any person who engages in a race between two or more motor vehicles on the
highways in the Commonwealth or on any driveway or premises of a church,
school, recreational facility, or business property open to the public in
the Commonwealth shall be guilty of reckless driving, unless authorized by
the owner of the property or his agent. When any person is convicted of
reckless driving under this section, in addition to any other penalties
provided by law the driver's license of such person shall be suspended by
the court for a period of not less than six months nor more than two years.
In case of conviction the court shall order the surrender of the license to
the court where it shall be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of
§ 46.2-398.
§ 46.2-868. Reckless driving; penalties
A. Every person convicted of reckless driving under the provisions of this
article shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. B. Every person convicted
of reckless driving under the provisions of this article who, when he
committed the offense, (i) was driving without a valid operator's license
due to a suspension or revocation for a moving violation and, (ii) as the
sole and proximate result of his reckless driving, caused the death of
another, is guilty of a Class 6 felony.
§ 46.2-869. Improper driving; penalty
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this article, upon the trial of
any person charged with reckless driving where the degree of culpability is
slight, the court in its discretion may find the accused not guilty of
reckless driving but guilty of improper driving. However, an attorney for
the Commonwealth may reduce a charge of reckless driving to improper driving
at any time prior to the court's decision and shall notify the court of
such change. Improper driving shall be punishable as a traffic infraction
punishable by a fine of not more than $ 500.
http://www.virginiareckless.com/2.html | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 50 Henrico County (richmond metro) Public Schools Awards
Henrico County Public Schools was named one of the "Best Communities for
Music Education in America," the only school division in the nation to earn
this designation 12 years in a row.
Newsweek recognized Deep Run, Freeman, Godwin and Henrico high schools
as four of America’s Best High Schools in 2010.
Deep Run High School's robotics team, known as Blue Cheese, took home
the state title at the FIRST Tech Challenge competition held at the
University of Virginia in 2009.
Twelve Henrico Schools have received the U.S. Department of Education
Blue Ribbon School of Excellence Award. Shady Grove Elementary School was
selected in fall of 2007.
Henrico schools received eight National Association of Counties (NACo)
awards for implementing groundbreaking programs in 2009.
Ten schools earned the 2011 Governor’s Award for Educational Excellence
and 21 schools earned the 2011 Board of Education’s VIP awards.
Godwin and Deep Run High Schools schools won a silver medal ranking by U
.S. News & World Report's "Best High Schools in America" for 2009.
Byrd Middle School was selected as Virginia Educational Media
Association (VEMA) Library of the Year for 2010.
Henrico County Public Schools named National School Library Program of
the Year 2011.(AASL)
The culinary arts program at Hermitage Technical Center obtained
certification by the American Culinary Federation Education Foundation
Accrediting Commission’s Secondary Certification Committee.
Glen Allen High School earned the gold and Holman Middle School earned
the silver Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
certification as verified by the Green Building Certification Institute.
HCPS was named the 2011 Virginia Healthy Business of the Year by
Prevention Connections.
Virginia Commonwealth University—Autism Center for Excellence selected
HCPS to serve as an exemplary site in the delivery of educational services
to students with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Crestview Elementary was selected as the Children’s Engineering Program
of the year for 2011 by the Virginia Technology Education and Engineering
Association.
Fairfield Middle School received the Recognized ASCA Model Program (RAMP
) designation from the American School Counselor Association.
HCPS School Nutrition Services was given a “District of Excellence”
distinction by the School Nutrition Association during the 2010-11 school
year.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrico_County_Public_Schools | | | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 51
本文是根据我们几个月买房的经验心得收集而成， 收集了一般买房中需要注意的事项
， focus on Richmond, VA, 希望对大家提供些许帮助。
General Rule: LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION, Be mindful about the location of
the house you buy. It is the single most important investment most people
make in their life. Using an investment perspective. Do not buy any one that
you think it is good but may never get sold or rented. Easy to sell, easy
to rent out, easy to liquidate should always be at your mind when you buying
a house. Consider the community you will be living in, it should be closing
to your friends and major amenities of the city/county.
1) Richmond
Richmond是美国历史名城，美国内战南方军首都（confederate），这里是Virginia的
首都，离美国首都DC开车1小时45分，离纽约6个小时，去Orlando开车10个小时
2）Richmond – One of the Best Place to Live in the U.S.
Richmond是美国地理上的南方，四季分明，又不是太冷太热
Richmond 消费不高，cost of living index =99.7 低于美国平均水平100，纽约的
cost of living index是270.意思是维持相同的生活水平，纽约需要比richmond多2倍
收入。
Richmond 离美国主要都会城市近，随时去纽约，华盛顿都很方便，而且不用忍受当地
的高房价。
Richmond area拥有 some of the best schools in VA, 16 national blue ribbon
schools, and 2 selective Governor’s school
http://www.schooldigger.com/go/VA/schoolrank.aspx
Richmond Metropolitan Area 最好的地方要算Glen Allen了。Glen Allen 被评为美国
Top66 Best Place to Live in U.S.
http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/moneymag/0707/gallery.BPTL_
Best Place to Live for Young Couples in Virginia
http://www.bestplaces.net/rankings/city/virginia/glen_allen
3） Richmond 的人口
受益与华盛顿强劲经济发展的spill over effect, Richmond 在最近十年发展迅速。
Richmond北部的Henrico County 从1990到2010人口增长58%， Richmond南边的
Chesterfield county人口从1990到2010几乎翻倍（96%）。高速的人口增长带动了房地
产的迅猛发展。
4） Richmond的交通
Richmond距离华盛顿不到2小时，离Virginia beach 2小时，outer banks beach 6小时
， Ocean City Beach 3小时，夏天去海边十分方便
正在建设中的DC向南收费快速公路，规划中的Amtrak子弹头列车，richmond首府附近的
interstate干道建设都为Richmond进一步发展和房价进一步上升提供了条件。
5） 为什么要在richmond买房
由于人口高速发展，新房不断建造。30年的房子在美国很多地方是很新的房子了，但是
在Richmond只能算得上旧房子了。由于大量新房的建造也使得房价得到抑制，30万左右
就买到好学区的4B3B的房子了。
Richmond metro拥有很好的学区,而且property tax 很便宜， Henrico County的地税0
.87%， Chesterfield County0.95%, Richmond city 1.2%.你要知道美国平均水平是2%
到3% ， NJ, TX, NY的地税都达到3% to 6%，很难想象7倍与这里的养房成本加上2，3
倍于这里的购房成本有多么高（property tax assessed 14 to 21 times of you paid
here in richmond,va）。
Richmond离DC很近，VA是美国失业率最低的州之一，尤其是North of VA, 已经接近充
分就业的4.5%。 Richmond的失业率大概在5.3%左右。北边的Henrico County的失业率4
.8%，众多的工作机会也为你换工作，甚至在DC工作，Richmond生活提供了可能。
6） 什么时候买房
如果你感觉你工作稳定了，或者你打算在Richmond呆至少3到5年，那么买房应该是一个
很好的选择。你买的好的话，不仅不用交rent,还可以让升值的房产为你赚钱。如果过
几年需要离开，你也可以委托中介帮你出租房屋，让别人为你供房。
7） 在哪里买房好
Richmond city 里黑人占55%，治安也不太好，所以一般很少中国人买在这里，当然Fan
District, Maymont Park旁的房子也很有特色，但是学区不好。
北边Henrico County的 Glen Allen (zip code 23059, 23060, 23233) 是主要华人和
老印买房的地方，学区好，社区好，干净安全。
南边的chesterfield也有一些华人买房，但是比较少。南边的学区其实也不错，尤其是
Midlothian High, 但是南边很多居住的美国人比较保守，我的印度同事在南边买房后
，他的邻居从来没有请他们做过客，在学校里，老美有些没见过Asian kids的美国小孩
might say“I do not want to play with Indian”. 后来他们还是把南边的房子租了
，在Glen Allen 买房了。
Glen Allen学校里亚裔占8%，北部老中，老印很多，社区还是很国际化的。
下面的link是Richmond Real Estate Guide,后面列上了前一年各个社区的交易数据和
学区成绩情况，对你买房很有帮助。
http://www.richmondmagazine.com/articles/real-estate-guide-2013
8） 学区房 v. 非学区房
看房的时候感触很深，同样的价钱，如果不看学区的话，差学区的房子比好学区的房子
好一两个档次。好学区的旧房子的钱可以在一般学区买新房了。
第一次买房子，一般就是看新旧，大小，location，自己喜欢不喜欢。但是最终有小孩
的还是要换房到好学区的。这是老中老印都一直在干的事。
不可否认的是，好学区的房子比一般学区，甚至差学区的房子保值增值潜力大。学区好
的房子一般治安一定好。治安差的地方学区肯定好不了。加州有一个研究成果，大家可
以google一下，说，好学区的房子比差学区房子价格贵$50/sf. 虽然很多老中老印孩子
因为后来上了governor school,不在本学区上学，但是一个好的学区是你房子保值，增
值，乃至最后能卖的出去的基本。所以大家在长期规划上要把学区考虑进去。
9） 怎样找学区
Henrico County School Rating
http://www.zillow.com/glen-allen-va/schools/#/glen-allen-va/sch
http://www.schooldigger.com/go/VA/schoolrank.aspx
Henrico County School Assignment (这个你能查到你的房子是上哪个学校的)
http://www.henricoschoolboundaries.com/default.asp
10） 美国Agent还是中国Agent
我买房之前跟美国agent和中国agent都聊过。感觉美国agent也不错，但是就是担心在
搞房子具体事情的时候交流不畅，比如我就不知道gutter, HVAC, molding啥意思，要
是找个美国agent我还得找字典，所以我后来还是用了中国agent.
10) Part-Time Agent还是 Full-Time Agent
做agent其实并不难，你学习三个月考试过了就行。所以这一行的进入门槛很低，每年
也淘汰很多，所以我当时的指导思想就是要用就用最好的。
当时考虑过用Part-Time的agent，因为Part-Time agent 会返1%， 是真金白银啊。但
是有个朋友正好刚用过这个Part-Time agent，说工作时间不接电话，信息交流不畅直
接导致他错失一套好房子。所以他强烈建议我不用part-time agent.
后来我最后选的是Sarah Bice. 在这里强力推荐一下我的Agent，我最后抢到好房子全
是她的功劳，也证明full-time agent的重要性。跟大家剖析下我们的抢房历程：
Day 1 NIGHT: Sarah send us the link of the house, 估价比government accessed
value 低，
County Assessor office我的朋友说市场价一般比评估价高7%
Day 2 1pm 跟Sarah一起看房
Day 2 3pm 发了第一个offer
Day 2 5pm seller agent delay decision to next day 10 AM
Day 2 8pm 和Sarah 交流确定加8K
Day 3 845am 确定用escalation clause (willing to pay $1000 more than the
highest bidder and capped at certain amount) 出新offer
Day 3 940am seller offer accepted, 价格是前天晚上的价格，只比accessed value
高几千块
很难想象如果是个part time agent，会这么及时的回复。这个房子2天就delist了，后
来到day3 seller agent 说有超多人打电话看房，她就不耐烦的果断delist了.
11) 买房的网上工具
Henrico County Assessor’s Office 可以查到房子的全部官方信息。比如一些房子宣
称2060sf,其实只有1980sf, 这样一查便知。对于这样不诚实的sellor, 我一般不买。
虽然agent说是源自不同的appraisal source. It will be a problem when you sell.
http://www.co.henrico.va.us/finance/disclaimer/
zillow.com
trulia.com
homes.com
realtor.com
可以查到房子附近房子的价格区间，最近的交易历史
未明精华区和华人的精华区都有大量有参考价值的帖子
http://www.mitbbs.com/bbsdoc3/life.faq/Living/5
http://www.huaren.us/index71.asp?boardid=337&TopicMode=0&List_T
(要注册)
12) 买房首付多少
我个人不喜欢买房投很多钱，自己有点闲钱做点投资也挺好。其实美国买房不用首付多
少， 一般Conventional loan 是5% down payment. Virginia Credit Union 的down
payment 是 3%，
Virginia Housing Development Agency 还有Zero down payment的program, limit on
your income and house price. 很多county也有 first time home buyer
assistance program.意思是你如果是本county居民，收入不超过一定数目，county可
以帮你付一部分首付，你住够5年10年，就不用还这笔钱了。
13）买房和风水
国内讲得朝东朝南还是比较好的朝向。几个我注意到的风水禁忌
主门前有树
开门见楼梯（有化解办法，而且richmond不少房子是这样的）
房子在T型路的交叉处
旁边有高压电线
屋里有人非正常去世（一个好学区的好房子因为这个还没卖掉）
去世人的房子 （county record 的deed前面会有w）
主路旁的房子
14）Conventional Loan or FHA Loan
你的信用分数好，能不用FHA loan就不用， FHA如果你首付付不到20%， 你要一直pay
1.45%的mortgage insurance, 而且还要付一个1.75% of your total loan amount 的
fee，这样的话APR就很高了。Conventional loan 你随时付完20%后，就可以去掉
mortgage insurance了。
15）新房 vs. 旧房
一个懂房的朋友跟我说买房最好是住了7年左右的房子。这样的房子该显露出的问题都
显露出来了，而且又不是特别贵。看过几个80年代的房子，感觉确实需要很多
maintenance的工作。因为在Virginia, 1990年以后build code 有变化， 很多房子细
节有improve. 所以，如果你不是handy man，还是买90年以后的房子比较省心。
16) Home Insurance
10 worst insurance company
https://www.justice.org/docs/TenWorstInsuranceCompanies.pdf
Home Insurance Comp Ranking
http://money.msn.com/home-insurance/best-home-insurance-compani
http://www.consumersearch.com/homeowners-insurance/best-homeown
17) Crime rate
一般学区好的地方，crime都比较少
可以用 www.spotcrime.com来搜索一个地址的crime和追踪crime, sign up for anto
email update everyday.
18) Inspection and Radon Gas
Inspection是一定要做的，这个是和卖家讨价还价的一把利剑，而且你的inspector越
好，能要回来的钱越多。选inspector要看有没有ASHI certification, 你还可以在网
上google inspector的review
http://www.zillow.com/home-buying-guide/home-inspection-checkli
Radon gas 在买房前我根本没听说过。但是后来查了EPA的相关资料，发现Radon这种放
射性气体对人的影响非常大，如果radon test数值大于4，就需要搞mitigation system
.在大richmond地区，Henrico是黄区，相对平均数值较低，但是不排除很多房子在高
radon area. Goochland和 chesterfield是红区，平均数值较高。大家可以参见EPA 的
材料。建议大家对买的房还有现房都做radon test.
http://www.epa.gov/radon/
http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/radiologicalhealth/Rad
http://www.radonease.com/levels.asp
http://www.vdh.state.va.us/epidemiology/dee/PublicHealthToxicol
19)新房买后的注意事项
搬家前要把原来住的apt再漆一边，我们就到lowes买了油漆晚上漆，结果三岁女儿第二
天起来说眼睛疼，鼻子痛（甲醛反应），虽然我们没感觉到什么不同。新建的房子一般
应该空房晾三个月。当然大家可能都急着搬了。这样的话，室内会有污染物残留。建议
大家在amazon上买bamboo charcoal竹炭，活性炭放在沙发下，衣柜里，床下面。注意
通风，买HEPA空气净化器在卧室，宝宝卧房。特别是有宝宝的，要特别特别注意。
20) 时间定律
一路买房下来，发现好的房子确实是一list上去很快就卖完了，一般超过一个星期的房
子，就会有这样那样的问题，至少是要价太高。所以大家要保证最早知道房子list的消
息，zillow,trulia上面一般比local agent晚发布一天，这样就错过了很多时间和机会
。所以一个real time update 的list很重要。在MLS list时间太长，除非你真的喜欢
，价格真的降很多，根本没必要看。多留点时间注意新出的房子。这世界好的东西都抢
的快，没有说一个月了，全世界都没反应过来，就让你捡到便宜了。
21）买房周期
房价是由供求决定的，而买房的需要也是和气温成正比的。天气越好，看房的人越多，
bid and offer 越多，所以房价就越高。所以一般春天开始房价就开始上涨，直到9,10
月份到达上涨高峰。因为9,10月份很多搬家的（转学），需要买房，所以fall是房价的
高峰。随着天气渐冷，看房的逐渐减少，房价也冷却下来，所以房子抢deal的时候，一
般是天冷的时候，不过这时候房子出来的也相对较少。
22) Shop for Mortgage
买房签约后，realtor 会推荐做贷款的，你也可以网上找利率低的，所谓的货比三家就
是这个道理。You can google to find more information.
在lender出具的Good Faith Estimate里有好多条目，你要比较的就是两个，
Origination Fee和Points，因为你如果买point，你自己的钱会多出，而origination
fee会减少， so make sure you are comparing apple to apple.
23) 办贷款
千万不要以为拿到买房的contract就完事大吉了。贷款办不下来，或者贷款拖延导致无
法按照合同要求close，同样会让你前功尽弃。房贷的平均reject rate 是15%， Wells
Fargo rejection rate 高达22%。所以你在办贷款的时候要多了解。有时间要去读一
下mortgage underwriting guideline, 因为你的loan的发放，不是由loan officer,
mortgage broker来决定的，他们只是collect docs and info, 最后是由underwriter
决定的。知道underwriter的工作原则使你自己心里有谱。在你递交房贷申请和房贷批
准之间，不要申请信用卡，car loan, ask for credit line increase, 信用卡最好每
月pay off. 你债务增加会严重影响你mortgage的批准。
https://www.google.com/#newwindow=1&q=mortgage+underwriting+guideline&safe=
active
24) DO NOT BUY ANYTHING USING CREDIT AFTER YOU APPLY FOR MORTGAGE AND BEFORE
LOAN CLOSING.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/07/realestate/pre-closing-credit
http://www.bankrate.com/finance/mortgages/3-ways-to-mess-up-a-h
http://www.trulia.com/guide/home_buying/close_the_purchase/thin
25) Final Walk-Through and Closing
http://www.allaspectsinspections.com/forms/Final_walk_thru_chec
26) On the Day of Closing
Bring you ID and cashier’s check to the closing office. Wait until the deed
is recorded and the loan is funded to use your credit card or apply for
credit.
27) Thing to do After Closing
http://strawstickstone.com/homeowners/the-first-10-things-you-s
【转】在美国的新手买房指南
作者: TongYe 日期: 2012/07/14 发表评论 (3) 查看评论
信源：今日华讯论坛 作者：seabiscuit
在美国，买房就像买车或者其他东西一样实实在在，不再是一个遥不可及的梦想。鉴于
大多数人在美国都是第一次买房（包括我自己在内），在此把自己的一些经历和经验写
出来，希望能够对大家有所帮助。另外，错误不足之处在所难免，望大家批评指正。
1.为什么要买房？
这个问题有点超出本贴讨论的范围了，故不做详细展开，基本上决定了买房的人，应该
都有一个清醒的认识了。通常的一种说法是，如果买了后能够住上至少3年 （最好5年
），就要比住公寓划算了。本人没有进行过相应的计算，只是列出这种说法供大家参考
。另外，住在自己房子（理论上讲，没还清贷款之间，应该算是银 行的房子）里那种
舒服惬意的感觉，是住在公寓里无法比较的。
2.决定买房后需要做什么？
无非就是几件事：1). 找房看房；2). 讨价还价及签合同；3). 房屋检查申请贷款；4)
. Closing及搬家。下面就针对这几个方面进行一下讨论。
3.找房看房之前
有两件事需要做。一件事先查一下自己的信用分数，信用分数决定了你能否带到款及利
率的高低，先做到心里有数比较好。网上可以搜到很多公司提供类似 credit monitor
的服务，一般收费在$10左右一个月，可以订购这种服务几个月，买了房后再取消。一
般信用分数要超过600才能拿到较为满意的贷款，650 以上拿到最好的贷款应该没什么
问题。下文中将稍加介绍如果提高自己的信用分数。第二件事就是从银行或其他提供贷
款服务的金融机构拿到一个pre- approval 或者pre-qualification letter，目前很多
金融机构可以在网上申请拿到，google一下相应的关键词就可以找到。这个东西没有任
何约束力，只是用来说明你是真的想买房子而 且有相应的能力，有些realtor或者卖家
会要求看买家的这个letter.
4.找房看房
在美国卖房子一般有两种途径，一种是通过房屋经纪公司（Realtor，象Remax,
Meybohm等都是一些大型的房屋中介公司），这种形式需要卖主付给中介公司和中介人
相应的报酬（一般是房款的5-7%左右）。另外一种方式是自己卖， 不用付给任何人服
务费。相应地，买房人也就有两种途径，一种是和房屋经纪公司及其代理人联系，通过
中介购买，买房人不需要支付给中介任何服务费用。另外一 种就是自己寻找sell by
owner的房源，和卖家直接联系。这两种方式各有利弊：
1). 通过中介公司买房，比较省事，只要联系确定好一个realtor（房屋中介人），告
诉他你需要什么样的房子，大概价位是多少，地段在哪里，realtor 会搜索他的数据库
，把符合你要求的房子挑出来给你，由你决定看哪些房子。然后和realtor约个合适的
时间，他会带你去看你选中的那些房子，还会给你介 绍相应的房子并回答你的问题，
效率非常高。这种方式的缺点一个是由于卖方要付给中介服务费，所以房屋的价格相应
会高一些，而且还价比较困难。另外一个缺点 是，虽然买方不需要付中介费，但是一
般还是要和中介签订排外合同，合同往往会规定买方在特定时间内（合同生效3-6个月
内）如果买房的话必须通过该中介交 易，而且不能自己和sell by owner的卖方联系。
这样的话，如果你在和中介签订服务合同后，又看上一个sell by owner的房源，就会
很麻烦了。如果终止和中介的合同，是要付违约金的，一般金额还不少（可能要几千块
钱）。所以在和中介签订合同前，要看清楚合同的条 款，有任何疑问的话，就不要着
急签字，先弄清楚再说。
2). 如果决定购买sell by owner的房子，就需要经常出去在自己中意的地段逛逛，看
看哪个房子是sell by owner的，然后和房主直接联系。所以这种方式的缺点显而易见
，就是房源有限，要花很多时间去找。但是一旦找到的话，可以比较容易的和房主谈价
钱。
3). 需要指出的是，房屋中介能够帮到你的基本上就是在找房看房这个阶段，后面的步
骤，包括申请贷款，房屋closing等还是需要自己完成。另外，买方的中介 对你讲价的
帮助不大，因为他也是从卖家那里按照房款的比例拿佣金的，房屋最终的售价越高，他
能拿到的佣金也就越多。在讲价过程中，中介基本上也就是起到一 个传声筒的作用。
5.讨价还价及签合同
房子看好以后，一般有以下几种方式确定合适的价格(offer)：
1). 首先当然是自己能够承受的价格范围，这个因素和自己的家庭收入，常规支出等因
素有关，一般不难确定；
2). 看一下房屋所在county对该房屋价格的评估（该价格是用来确定每年的房屋税的多
少，每年都会调整），一般房屋的售价应该不会偏离该估价太多；
3). 如果有realtor的话，他可以帮你查该地段类似的房子最近时期的售价作为参考（
应该也有网站可以自己查，欢迎大家补充）；
4). 还价是一门艺术，可惜本人不精于此道，只能谈一些技术层面的问题，欢迎各位高
人补充介绍经验；
如果有realtor的话，你的出价直接报给你的realtor，由他和对方realtor联系，再把
答复告诉你；如果是sell by owner的话，就直接和卖家联系了。如果双方对价格没有
异议了，就可以签订购房合同了。
购房合同有很多不同的版本，如果有realtor的话，他应该会提供相应的购房合同。如
果是sell by owner的话，可以有卖家提供合同样本，双方协商满意后再签字。一般合
同的内容主要包括：
1). 房屋和卖方买方的基本信息；
2). 房屋价格；
3). 付款方式（贷款或者一次付清）；
4). 订金（earnest money,good faith deposit）数量及返还条件（一般是如果卖方由
于不可抗原因，例如贷款没有申请下来，无法购买该房屋，订金应该全额返还）；
5). 房屋检查（inspection）期限及问题处理方法；
6). Closing日期；
7). realtor佣金；
8). 合同的终止条件及相应的惩罚办法；
9). 其他事宜：比如一些家用电器（洗衣机，烘干机，冰箱等）的归属；closing cost
由谁支付等等。
另外，在签订合同前，还需要了解该房屋所在小区有没有HOA（home owner
association），如果有的话，每年需要支付一定的费用(HOA费)，用于一些公共设施的
维护。另外，还需要研究一下该HOA的规定，看有没有难 以接受或做到的部分，比如有
些规定车库门只有在车辆进出是才能打开和关闭，平常不可以打开车库门；或者门前的
driveway能否停车等等）。
一般来说，签订合同后，买方还有机会可以不受损失的终止合同，例如对home
inspection的检查结果不满意，卖方又不愿意降价或者修复；或者对HOA的收费或者条
款不满意等等。而卖家则没有太多的情况可以随意的终止合同。
6.房屋检查及申请贷款
房屋检查(home inspection)是买房过程中非常重要的一个环节，但不是一个必须的环
节，如果你对房屋建造、结构、家用电器等比较了解，也可以自己进行检查。但如 果
没什么信心的话，还是请专业的home inspector来进行。local有很多从事home
inspection的公司，可以从网上或者黄页上找到，一般收费根据房屋的大小会有所不同
。至于inspector的水平，一般专业公司的从业人员都还 可以。检查的时候最好跟着
inspector，一来熟悉熟悉房屋，另外也可以随时问些问题，有些东西在他们看来是很
简单的，但对于初次购房者来说可能就不 太明白了，比如水泥地上的裂缝，墙上的裂
缝等等。专业的检查人员还可以发现很多平常不容易发现的问题，有些很容易搞定，但
有些就比较致命。检查之后，检查 员会出具书面报告，告诉你有哪些重大问题和一般
性问题。另外，如果inspector对屋顶材料或者电路等存在疑问的话，还会建议你联系
相应的专业人员再 次进行检查。这些都会让你对房屋有进一步的了解，以确定是否要
购买该房屋，以及给你进一步讨价还价提供依据。检查费用一般由买方支付。
进行了房屋检查，并和卖方确定了对所发现问题的处理方法后，就可以开始申请贷款了
。这个步骤是整个买房过程中最重要的一个环节，也是决定能否成功买 房的关键（当
然，准备一次付清者例外）。申请贷款一般有两个途径。一个是找local的银行申请，
另外一个是找一些专门的broker申请（收集大量个人 贷款申请，然后批发给银行）。
这两种方法都可以试试，然后根据他们提供给你的贷款收费详细条目（good faith
estimate，GFE）进行选择。其实，在签订购房合同之前，就可以开始和银行或者
broker联系了，只需要向他们提供你需要贷款的金额（大概金额 就可以了，不过最好
和你最后要贷的数量相差不大）、你的信用分数范围、贷款年限（如果还没决定，可以
让他们提供两份estimate，比如针对15年和 30年）、首付比例等信息，然后让他们提
供good faith estimate给你。Good faith estimate是对贷款利率和closing cost的一
个估计，之所以称为good faith，就是说在你提供的信息准确前提下，最终的closing
cost和利率等和该estimate不会有太大差别。因而也是比较各个银行或broker所提供的
贷款好坏的重要依据。银行或broker在提供给你 Good faith estimate的同时，也会提
供相关的其他一些信息，例如各种points等。下面就对Good faith estimate的内容进
行一下详细介绍。
GFE一般由下面几部分组成，每一个条目都有一个数字编号。
银行的收费（800 ITEMS PAYABLE IN CONNECTION WITH LOAN，每个银行在这部分的差
别较大，重点关注部分）
付给county的费用（1200 GOVERNMENT RECORDING & TRANSFER CHARGES，固定收费，不
由银行决定）
付给律师的费用（1100 TITLE CHARGES，估计值，由你选定的律师决定）
付给保险公司的费用（1000 RESERVES DEPOSITED WITH LENDER，估计值，由你选定的
保险公司和具体投保项目决定）
900 ITEMS REQUIRED BY LENDER TO BE PAID IN ADVANCE（主要包括预付的当月利息和
保险本金等等，分别由贷款利率和所选保险公司决定,不同银行差别不大）。
因此，需要重点关注的部分就是以8开头的费用，该部分由贷款银行收取，不同银行的
差别很大，主要包括：
801 Lender’s Loan Origination Fee：贷款银行为申请人建立该贷款而收取的手续费
，一般和所贷金额成正比；少数银行可能不收取该费用。
802 Lender’s Loan Discount Fee：贷款银行为保证其给申请人提供的贷款利率而收
取的一次性费用（也称为discount point），一个point相当于贷款额的1%，有的银行
不收取该费用。更多的情况是银行会给你两种选择，带point的和不带point的，前者的
利 率要比后者低，point越高，利率越低。实际上这个相当于现在一次性多付首付额而
降低以后每个月的付款额。如果手头比较宽裕的话，可以买些 points，用来降低利率
（月供额）。一般一个point应该能降低0.25%的利率（不记得该数字是否准确，请向贷
款银行确定）
803 Appraisal Fee：房屋评估费用。银行批准贷款之前会找专门的评估公司对该地产
的价值进行评估。该费用由购房人支付。
804 Credit Report：贷款银行需要调查你的信用分数和历史。该费用付给提供信用卡
分数的公司。
808 Tax Service Fee：贷款银行需要了解该房屋的税收历史。该费用付给提供该信息
的公司。
809 Underwriting Review：贷款银行的审核员（underwriter）审核贷款的费用。
814 Yield Spread Premium：不由贷款人支付。
816 Origination Due Broker：作用和802一样。
818 Processing Fee：处理你的贷款申请的手续费。
819 Escrow Waiver Fee：如果选择不建立Escrow帐户则需要支付的一次性费用。
Wire Transfer：转账费用。
876 Lender closing fee：贷款公司收取的总closing费用。
值得说明的是，上述费用不是所有银行都收取，有的银行在某个收费上低或者不收取该
费用，不代表他的总体closing费用会低，因为他肯定会在其他 项目上多收费。因此，
在拿到不同银行的GFE后，需要综合比较各个项目，以及总的closing费用(876项）。另
外，还要看拿到的利率的高低。网上有 很短房屋贷款的计算工具，比如http://www.mortgage-calc.com/mortgage/ 。Google一下会找到更多。他们可以帮助你计算不同利率的月供，买point降低利率是否划算（在多少年内还清才划算）。一般的规律是，如果准备短期 内还清，就不要买point，尽快把钱还清。如果准备20-30年还清，可以现在买point降低利率，以减少月供。具体的年限，需要通过计算才能得出 来。
本地的几乎所有银行都有房屋贷款业务，象BOA, First Bank, Georgia Bank and
Trust, HCCU, Queensboro Bank。个人推荐优先考虑本地的小银行，他们服务都很好，
也很灵活，速度也快。象BOA，就比较死板，而且据说很慢。亚特兰大有很多broker，
如果 有人需要，我也可以提供相关信息。
关于Escrow帐户，再多说两句，该账户是由贷款银行建立用来支付你的房屋保险和房地
产税的。这样每年你就不用为支付这两项费用操心了。不过不要 高兴太早，银行才不
会这么好心，白白帮你做事。建立这个帐户后，你需要每个月和房屋贷款的月供一起把
相当于一个月的房屋保险和房地产税一起交给银行，由他 们替你保管，到了每年交保
险和税的时候，银行会替你从该账户支付。这样有什么不好？一个是你每个月交给银行
的钱要多于你的贷款月供，会增加你的还款压力。 另外，银行每个月都预收了你的费
用，但是每年只支付一次，这期间这笔钱银行可以用来进行投资等金融活动，对银行来
说是好处多多。当然，你也可以选择不建立 该账户，但是代价就是你就要多付closing
费用或者银行提高你的贷款利率。
确定了贷款银行后，就可以正式锁定利率和申请贷。，申请贷款时，需要提供的材各个
银行可能有些差别，不过一般都需要：
1).购房合同的复印件，用来确定贷款金额；
2).过去3-6个月的银行对账单复印件（证明你有能力支付首付和closing cost），不同
贷款银行对你用来支付首付的钱在你的帐户上存在时间有不同规定，但一般不会少于3
个月，即你必须证明该笔款项已经在你的帐户里存了3个月以上；
3).工资单（有的要一个月，有的要两个月）；
4).W-2 form;
5).合法居留身份证明（绿卡、2019表等）；
6).其它（根据银行不同）。
关于身份问题，应该说明的是没有规定什么身份不能买房，只要你是合法居留美国而且
能够支付起房款（贷款或全款）就没有问题。对于贷款而言，同样没有 规定什么身份
不能申请贷款，只要你能提供相应的材料证明：1.你是合法居留美国；2.你有足够的工
资收入支付月供；3.你不会马上离开美国（以保证该贷款 的稳定性，最好能提供有效
期一年以上的居留证明文件），银行就会接受你的贷款申请，进行审批。不过，一些
broker可能会不接受J1等身份的申请，因为 相对绿卡或者H1B来说，要麻烦一些，但不
说明你拿不到贷款，这要换一家愿意接受你申请的银行就行了。对于J1身份这里再多说
两句，2019表可以证明你 是合法居留美国；工资单和银行对账单可以证明你有足够的
经济实力买房；至于能否在美国待上一段较长的时间，可以通过2019表的到期时间（如
果还有超过1 年的有效期），或者书面说明你会在近期内转成H1B身份等等来证明。不
过如果贷款银行没有质疑这个问题，那就不用多此一举了。
7.Closing及搬家
一般银行贷款审批过程至少需要3周左右，因此在签订合同时如果规定了closing data
最好留够余量，省得到时候还要修改合同。审批过程中间可以给银行打电话问一下进度
，如果告知材料没有问题，那就是时间问题，等吧 。
等银行贷款批准下来之后，还有两件事要做。一是找律师办理closing。另外一件是找
保险公司买房屋保险。找律师的话，可以翻一下黄页，或者让你 的realtor推荐，
closing对律师来说只是小case，很容易搞定。如果需要的话，我也可以推荐我当初用
过的律师（站内联系）。可以多问几家， 主要是看时间是否合适以及收费情况。
保险公司的话和买汽车保险差不多，多找几家公司报价，比较一下。一般和汽车保险一
起会拿到比较好的offer。这里推荐一下Liberty Mutual，比较便宜，服务也不错，有
很多discounts,包括referral, ACS等等，买的时候多问一下，往往会有意外惊奇 。
这两件事都要在closing之前完成。你的贷款银行会将贷款的相关资料提供给closing律
师，同时你的房屋保险公司也需要把相关资料提供给你的贷款银行和律师。所以在等贷
款审批的同时，可以先关注一下这两件事，等贷款批下来后尽快办完。
在closing之间另外一件事就是要再去看一下房子，重点是当初房屋检查时发现的问题
是否已经按照约定得到了满意的解决 。如果有realtor的话，他应该会提醒你。一般是
在closing当天进行。
另外，要在closing之前准备好用来支付首付和closing费的支票，支票是开给给你办
closing的律师的，贷款银行会告诉你具体金额， 不能用个人支票，最好去你存钱的银
行开具cashier’s check（BOA不收手续费），如果你的钱是在其它网上银行的话，最
好早点转到本地银行，方便操作。如果支票金额和最后closing的费用有差别的 话，也
不用担心，可以用个人支票补足。
还有一件事在closing和搬家之前要做好的就是，开通新房的水、电、气等或者转到你
的名下 。一般打电话就可以办，根据county的不同，在网上可以找到相应的联系电话
。开通的时间可以定在搬家前一天，他们一般周末不工作，因此如果周末搬家的 话，
要提前到周五开通。象有线电视，电话，网络，垃圾处理可以等到入住后再说。
Closing本身就没有什么好说的了，基本上就是签一大堆文件 ，一般律师会给你解释一
下每一份文件是干什么用的，能听懂多少就是多少，听不懂也没关系，签字就行了。然
后就是分脏了，律师会把给各方的支票准备好。最后 就是拿钥匙走人了。至此，房子
就是你的了（其实，是银行的，直到你还清贷款之前 ）。
搬家就更没什么可说的了，迷信的话看看黄历，挑个良辰吉日 ，无所谓的话，随时都
可以搬。叫上三、五个好友，租个大U-haul，把没用的东西处理掉，然后就向新家进军
了。 | s*******y
发帖数: 46535 | 52 写的不错，不过21不准确。买房子一般都在夏天，9月份小孩们上学了，需要给小孩上学
的美国人不会到9、10月份才买房的
of
that
buying
closing
【在 z**k 的大作中提到】
:
: 本文是根据我们几个月买房的经验心得收集而成， 收集了一般买房中需要注意的事项
: ， focus on Richmond, VA, 希望对大家提供些许帮助。
: General Rule: LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION, Be mindful about the location of
: the house you buy. It is the single most important investment most people
: make in their life. Using an investment perspective. Do not buy any one that
: you think it is good but may never get sold or rented. Easy to sell, easy
: to rent out, easy to liquidate should always be at your mind when you buying
: a house. Consider the community you will be living in, it should be closing
: to your friends and major amenities of the city/county.
| z**k
发帖数: 945 | 53 由于天气原因，看房人数，房价和房子list数量都在夏秋季节达到峰值 | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 54 Richmond 给宝宝选Preschool
我个人是很重视学前和小学教育的，我认为小学比大学重要的多。人的性格，习惯，品
格都是从小塑造的。一棵小树你不把它的杂枝砍掉，他难以成为参天大树。或者说等到
他大了，你再想砍，发现你已经没这个能力了。
Richmond很多幼儿园供大家选
1）Richmond Montessori School
richmont.org/
这是richmond地区唯一fully acrredited 的蒙校。关于蒙校和一般学校，大家可以考
古。我的同事就是送她女儿上这个学校。学费很贵，据他说没啥不一样，就是隔三差五
要钱。小孩在学校规规矩矩，回家就该咋样还咋样。
2）全国连锁教育机构
Primrose, le petite, Goddard, Rainbow Station
这些都是比较有名，有口碑的。关键是小孩喜欢，你可以自己进去观察一下小孩，师生
比例， 老师的态度。
3）Child Development Center at Wyndham: CDCW
www.cdcw.us/
当时选这个是因为宝宝进去的时候就非常喜欢，后来观察了一下师生比例，老师态度，
发现都很好。硬件在richmond绝对是一流的，不过你可能要排队。大家可以去考察一番
。他们thanksgiving, Halloween, Christmas 办的活动都非常精彩。
4） Church 办的幼儿园
有一些朋友也送孩子到教会学校，费用会便宜一些，质量也不错。因为没有亲身体会，
所以不敢妄加评论。
希望对大家有所帮助。 | s*****h
发帖数: 937 | 55 大家都连上WeChat了吗？
【在 z**k 的大作中提到】
: 本俱乐部面向所有生活，工作，学习在Richmond 都会地区的华人
: 开放。
: 希望大家能通过这个平台相识相知，相互交流，互通友谊
: 我们也可以根据大家的兴趣，组织各种活动。
: 希望斑竹顶置！
: QQ 群号：226480812
: 加入方法
: 1）登陆QQ
: 2) 点击右下角 查找
: 3）选择 找群，输入QQ 号226480812
| h******a
发帖数: 70 | | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 57 Richmond 道路交通法律严苛，一不小心就挨罚，注意这不是你交钱就行了，reckless
driving is a criminal offense,你将来找工作，换工作，办绿卡，续绿卡都受影响。
所以来VA的同学还是很有必要好好学习一下。
举个例子
转弯不打灯 is a crime in VA
70限速开80 is a crime in VA
见警车救护车来不避让 is a crime in VA
Reckless Driving (Felony or Misdemeanor)
· Reckless driving - speeding in excess of 80 mph (11 years)
· Reckless driving - speeding 20 mph or more above the posted speed
limit (11 years)
· Reckless driving - racing (11 years)
· Reckless driving - passing or overtaking an emergency vehicle (11
years)
· Reckless driving - passing a school bus (11 years)
· Reckless driving - passing on the crest of a hill (11 years)
· Reckless driving - passing at a railroad crossing (11 years)
· Reckless driving - passing two vehicles abreast (11 years)
· Reckless driving - driving two vehicles abreast (11 years)
· Reckless driving - driving too fast for conditions (11 years)
· Reckless driving - failing to give a proper signal (11 years)
· Reckless driving - faulty brakes/improper control (11 years)
· Reckless driving - on parking lots, etc. (11 years)
· Reckless driving - with an obstructed view (11 years)
· Reckless driving - generally (11 years)
· Speeding 20 mph or more above the posted speed limit (5 years)
http://www.dmv.state.va.us/drivers/#points_6.asp
TYPES OF VIRGINIA RECKLESS DRIVING IN VIRGINIA:
The most common form of reckless driving is speeding 20+ over the speed
limit but as you review that following the Virginia Legislature has decided
to make many different types of driving behavior as “Reckless Driving”
(1) Speeding 20+ over the posted speed limit;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-862. Exceeding speed limit - A person shall be
guilty of reckless driving who drives a motor vehicle on the highways in the
Commonwealth (i) at a speed of twenty miles per hour or more in excess of
the applicable maximum speed limit where the applicable speed limit is
thirty miles per hour or less, (ii) at a speed of sixty miles per hour or
more where the applicable maximum speed limit is thirty-five miles per hour,
(iii) at a speed of twenty miles per hour or more in excess of the
applicable maximum speed limits where the applicable maximum speed limit is
forty miles per hour or more, or (iv) in excess of eighty miles per hour
regardless of the applicable maximum speed limit).
(2) Driving over 80 mph.
Virginia Code Section 46.2-862 Exceeding speed limit - A person shall be
guilty of reckless driving who drives a motor vehicle on the highways in the
Commonwealth (i) at a speed of twenty miles per hour or more in excess of
the applicable maximum speed limit where the applicable speed limit is
thirty miles per hour or less, (ii) at a speed of sixty miles per hour or
more where the applicable maximum speed limit is thirty-five miles per hour,
(iii) at a speed of twenty miles per hour or more in excess of the
applicable maximum speed limits where the applicable maximum speed limit is
forty miles per hour or more, or (iv) in excess of eighty miles per hour
regardless of the applicable maximum speed limit).
(3) Failing to give proper signal;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-860. Failing to give proper signals – A person
shall be guilty of reckless driving who fails to give adequate and timely
signals of intention to turn, partly turn, slow down, or stop, as required
by Article 6 (Virginia Code Section 46.2-848 et seq.) of this chapter.
(4) Improper brakes, or while vehicle not under proper control;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-853. Driving vehicle which is not under control;
faulty brakes - A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives a
vehicle which is not under proper control or which has inadequate or
improperly adjusted brakes on any highway in the Commonwealth.
(5) Driving to fast for traffic conditions;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-861. Driving too fast for highway and traffic
conditions - A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who exceeds a
reasonable speed under the circumstances and traffic conditions existing at
the time, regardless of any posted speed limit.
(6) Failure to yield right-of-way when merging onto highway;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-863. Failure to yield right-of-way - A person
shall be guilty of reckless driving who fails to bring his vehicle to a stop
immediately before entering a highway from a side road when there is
traffic approaching on such highway within 500 feet of such point of
entrance, unless (i) a “Yield Right-of-Way” sign is posted or (ii) where
such sign is posted, fails, upon entering such highway, to yield the right-
of-way to the driver of a vehicle approaching on such highway from either
direction.
(7) Driving in a manner generally endangering others;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-852. Reckless driving; general rule -
Irrespective of the maximum speeds permitted by law, any person who drives a
vehicle on any highway recklessly or at a speed or in a manner so as to
endanger the life, limb, or property of any person shall be guilty of
reckless driving;
(8) Passing a stopped, properly equipped school bus;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-859. Passing a stopped school bus;
(9) Overtaking/passing an emergency vehicle;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-829. Approach of law-enforcement or fire-fighting
vehicles, rescue vehicles, or ambulances; violation as failure to yield
right-of-way - Upon the approach of any emergency vehicle as defined in
Virginia Code Section 46.2-920 giving audible signal by siren, exhaust
whistle, or air horn designed to give automatically intermittent signals,
and displaying a flashing, blinking, or alternating emergency light or
lights as provided in Virginia Code Section 46.2-1022 through 46.2-1024, the
driver of every other vehicle shall, as quickly as traffic and other
highway conditions permit, drive to the nearest edge of the roadway, clear
of any intersection of highways, and stop and remain there, unless otherwise
directed by a law-enforcement officer, until the emergency vehicle has
passed. This provision shall not relieve the driver of any such vehicle to
which the right-of-way is to be yielded of the duty to drive with due regard
for the safety of all persons using the highway, nor shall it protect the
driver of any such vehicle from the consequences of an arbitrary exercise of
such right-of-way. Violation of this section shall constitute failure to
yield the right-of-way; however, any violation of this section that involves
overtaking or passing a moving emergency vehicle giving an audible signal
and displaying activated warning lights as provided for in this section
shall constitute reckless driving, punishable as provided in Virginia Code
Section 46.2-868.
(10) Racing;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-865. Racing; penalty - Any person who engages in
a race between two or more motor vehicles on the highways in the
Commonwealth or on any driveway or premises of a church, school,
recreational facility, or business property open to the public in the
Commonwealth shall be guilty of reckless driving, unless authorized by the
owner of the property or his agent. When any person is convicted of reckless
driving under this section, in addition to any other penalties provided by
law the driver’s license of such person shall be suspended by the court for
a period of not less than six months nor more than two years. In case of
conviction the court shall order the surrender of the license to the court
where it shall be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of Virginia
Code Section 46.2-398.
(11) Passing a vehicle at a crest or a grade;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-854. Passing on or at the crest of a grade or on
a curve – A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who, while driving a
vehicle, overtakes and passes another vehicle proceeding in the same
direction, on or approaching the crest of a grade or on or approaching a
curve in the highway, where the driver’s view along the highway is
obstructed, except where the overtaking vehicle is being operated on a
highway having two or more designated lanes of roadway for each direction of
travel or on a designated one-way roadway or highway.
(12) Overloaded vehicle such as to obstruct/interfere with driver’s control
;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-855. Driving with driver’s view obstructed or
control impaired - A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives a
vehicle when it is so loaded, or when there are in the front seat such
number of persons, as to obstruct the view of the driver to the front or
sides of the vehicle or to interfere with the driver’s control over the
driving mechanism of the vehicle.
(13) Passing another vehicle at a railroad grade crossing;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-858. Passing at a railroad grade crossing – A
person shall be guilty of reckless driving who overtakes or passes any other
vehicle proceeding in the same direction at any railroad grade crossing or
at any intersection of highways unless such vehicles are being operated on a
highway having two or more designated lanes of roadway for each direction
of travel or unless such intersection is designated and marked as a passing
zone or on a designated one-way street or highway, or while pedestrians are
passing or about to pass in front of either of such vehicles, unless
permitted so to do by a traffic light or law-enforcement officer.
(14) Reckless Driving in “parking areas”.
Virginia Code Section 46.2-864. Reckless driving on parking lots, etc. – A
person shall be guilty of reckless driving who operates any motor vehicle at
a speed or in a manner so as to endanger the life, limb, or property of any
person: 1. On any driveway or premises of a church, school, recreational
facility, or business property open to the public; or 2. On the premises of
any industrial establishment providing parking space for customers, patrons,
or employees; or 3. On any highway under construction or not yet open to
the public.
(15) Passing two vehicles abreast;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-856. Passing two vehicles abreast – A person
shall be guilty of reckless driving who passes or attempts to pass two other
vehicles abreast, moving in the same direction, except on highways having
separate roadways of three or more lanes for each direction of travel, or on
designated one-way streets or highways. This section shall not apply,
however, to a motor vehicle passing two other vehicles when one or both of
such other vehicles is a bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility
device, electric power-assisted bicycle, or moped; nor shall this section
apply to a bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device, electric
power-assisted bicycle, or moped passing two other vehicles.
(16) Driving two abreast in a single lane;
Virginia Code Section 46.2-857. Driving two abreast in a single lane – A
person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives any motor vehicle,
including any motorcycle, so as to be abreast of another vehicle in a lane
designed for one vehicle, or drives any motor vehicle, including any
motorcycle, so as to travel abreast of any other vehicle traveling in a lane
designed for one vehicle. However, this section shall not apply to any
validly authorized parade, motorcade, or motorcycle escort, nor shall it
apply to a motor vehicle traveling in the same lane of traffic as a bicycle,
electric personal assistive mobility device, electric power-assisted
bicycle, or moped.
The lawyers of The Gordon Law Firm have represented more than 500 people
charged with Reckless Driving and other traffic related misdemeanors in
Northern Virginia. If you have any questions about Reckless Driving, call
our law firm for a free initial consultation at 866.591.6682 or 703.218.8416
or e-mail us.
http://www.virginiaadvocates.com/services/types-reckless-drivin
Here are Virginia's Reckless Driving laws effective July 1, 2011.
§ 46.2-852. Reckless driving; general rule
Irrespective of the maximum speeds permitted by law, any person who drives a
vehicle on any highway recklessly or at a speed or in a manner so as to
endanger the life, limb, or property of any person shall be guilty of
reckless driving.
§ 46.2-853. Driving vehicle which is not under control; faulty brakes
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives a vehicle which is
not under proper control or which has inadequate or improperly adjusted
brakes on any highway in the Commonwealth.
§ 46.2-854. Passing on or at the crest of a grade or on a curve
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who, while driving a vehicle,
overtakes and passes another vehicle proceeding in the same direction, on or
approaching the crest of a grade or on or approaching a curve in the
highway, where the driver's view along the highway is obstructed, except
where the overtaking vehicle is being operated on a highway having two or
more designated lanes of roadway for each direction of travel or on a
designated one-way roadway or highway.
§ 46.2-855. Driving with driver's view obstructed or control impaired
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives a vehicle when it is
so loaded, or when there are in the front seat such number of persons, as
to obstruct the view of the driver to the front or sides of the vehicle or
to interfere with the driver's control over the driving mechanism of the
vehicle.
§ 46.2-856. Passing two vehicles abreast
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who passes or attempts to pass
two other vehicles abreast, moving in the same direction, except on highways
having separate roadways of three or more lanes for each direction of
travel, or on designated one-way streets or highways. This section shall not
apply, however, to a motor vehicle passing two other vehicles when one or
both of such other vehicles is a bicycle, electric personal assistive
mobility device, electric power-assisted bicycle, or moped; nor shall this
section apply to a bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device,
electric power-assisted bicycle, or moped passing two other vehicles.
§ 46.2-857. Driving two abreast in a single lane
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives any motor vehicle,
including any motorcycle, so as to be abreast of another vehicle in a lane
designed for one vehicle, or drives any motor vehicle, including any
motorcycle, so as to travel abreast of any other vehicle traveling in a lane
designed for one vehicle. However, this section shall not apply to (i) any
validly authorized parade, motorcade, or motorcycle escort, or law-
enforcement officers driving motorcycles while on official duty; (ii) a
motor vehicle traveling in the same lane of traffic as a bicycle, electric
personal assistive mobility device, electric power-assisted bicycle, or
moped; nor shall it apply to (iii) any vehicle when lawfully overtaking and
passing one or more vehicles traveling in the same direction in a separate
lane.
§ 46.2-858. Passing at a railroad grade crossing
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who overtakes or passes any
other vehicle proceeding in the same direction at any railroad grade
crossing or at any intersection of highways unless such vehicles are being
operated on a highway having two or more designated lanes of roadway for
each direction of travel or unless such intersection is designated and
marked as a passing zone or on a designated one-way street or highway, or
while pedestrians are passing or about to pass in front of either of such
vehicles, unless permitted so to do by a traffic light or law-enforcement
officer.
§ 46.2-859. Passing a stopped school bus; prima facie evidence
A person driving a motor vehicle shall stop such vehicle when approaching,
from any direction, any school bus which is stopped on any highway, private
road or school driveway for the purpose of taking on or discharging children
, the elderly, or mentally or physically handicapped persons, and shall
remain stopped until all the persons are clear of the highway, private road
or school driveway and the bus is put in motion; any person violating the
foregoing is guilty of reckless driving. The driver of a vehicle, however,
need not stop when approaching a school bus if the school bus is stopped on
the other roadway of a divided highway, on an access road, or on a driveway
when the other roadway, access road, or driveway is separated from the
roadway on which he is driving by a physical barrier or an unpaved area. The
driver of a vehicle also need not stop when approaching a school bus which
is loading or discharging passengers from or onto property immediately
adjacent to a school if the driver is directed by a law-enforcement officer
or other duly authorized uniformed school crossing guard to pass the school
bus. This section shall apply to school buses which are equipped with
warning devices prescribed in § 46.2-1090 and are painted yellow with the
words "School Bus" in black letters at least eight inches high on the front
and rear thereof. Only school buses which are painted yellow and equipped
with the required lettering and warning devices shall be identified as
school buses.
The testimony of the school bus driver, the supervisor of school buses or a
law-enforcement officer that the vehicle was yellow, conspicuously marked as
a school bus, and equipped with warning devices as prescribed in § 46.2-
1090 is prima facie evidence that the vehicle is a school bus.
§ 46.2-860. Failing to give proper signals
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who fails to give adequate and
timely signals of intention to turn, partly turn, slow down, or stop, as
required by Article 6 (§ 46.2-848 et seq.) of this chapter.
§ 46.2-861. Driving too fast for highway and traffic conditions
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who exceeds a reasonable speed
under the circumstances and traffic conditions existing at the time,
regardless of any posted speed limit.
§ 46.2-862. Exceeding speed limit
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives a motor vehicle on
the highways in the Commonwealth (i) at a speed of twenty miles per hour or
more in excess of the applicable maximum speed limit or (ii) in excess of
eighty miles per hour regardless of the applicable maximum speed limit.
§ 46.2-863. Failure to yield right-of-way
A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who fails to bring his vehicle
to a stop immediately before entering a highway from a side road when there
is traffic approaching on such highway within 500 feet of such point of
entrance, unless (i) a "Yield Right-of-Way" sign is posted or (ii) where
such sign is posted, fails, upon entering such highway, to yield the right-
of-way to the driver of a vehicle approaching on such highway from either
direction.
§ 46.2-864. Reckless driving on parking lots, etc
A person is guilty of reckless driving who operates any motor vehicle at a
speed or in a manner so as to endanger the life, limb, or property of any
person:1. On any driveway or premises of a church, school, recreational
facility, or business or governmental property open to the public; or 2. On
the premises of any industrial establishment providing parking space for
customers, patrons, or employees; or 3. On any highway under construction or
not yet open to the public.
§ 46.2-865. Racing; penalty
Any person who engages in a race between two or more motor vehicles on the
highways in the Commonwealth or on any driveway or premises of a church,
school, recreational facility, or business property open to the public in
the Commonwealth shall be guilty of reckless driving, unless authorized by
the owner of the property or his agent. When any person is convicted of
reckless driving under this section, in addition to any other penalties
provided by law the driver's license of such person shall be suspended by
the court for a period of not less than six months nor more than two years.
In case of conviction the court shall order the surrender of the license to
the court where it shall be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of
§ 46.2-398.
§ 46.2-868. Reckless driving; penalties
A. Every person convicted of reckless driving under the provisions of this
article shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. B. Every person convicted
of reckless driving under the provisions of this article who, when he
committed the offense, (i) was driving without a valid operator's license
due to a suspension or revocation for a moving violation and, (ii) as the
sole and proximate result of his reckless driving, caused the death of
another, is guilty of a Class 6 felony.
§ 46.2-869. Improper driving; penalty
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this article, upon the trial of
any person charged with reckless driving where the degree of culpability is
slight, the court in its discretion may find the accused not guilty of
reckless driving but guilty of improper driving. However, an attorney for
the Commonwealth may reduce a charge of reckless driving to improper driving
at any time prior to the court's decision and shall notify the court of
such change. Improper driving shall be punishable as a traffic infraction
punishable by a fine of not more than $ 500.
http://www.virginiareckless.com/2.html | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 58 Henrico County (richmond metro) Public Schools Awards
Henrico County Public Schools was named one of the "Best Communities for
Music Education in America," the only school division in the nation to earn
this designation 12 years in a row.
Newsweek recognized Deep Run, Freeman, Godwin and Henrico high schools
as four of America’s Best High Schools in 2010.
Deep Run High School's robotics team, known as Blue Cheese, took home
the state title at the FIRST Tech Challenge competition held at the
University of Virginia in 2009.
Twelve Henrico Schools have received the U.S. Department of Education
Blue Ribbon School of Excellence Award. Shady Grove Elementary School was
selected in fall of 2007.
Henrico schools received eight National Association of Counties (NACo)
awards for implementing groundbreaking programs in 2009.
Ten schools earned the 2011 Governor’s Award for Educational Excellence
and 21 schools earned the 2011 Board of Education’s VIP awards.
Godwin and Deep Run High Schools schools won a silver medal ranking by U
.S. News & World Report's "Best High Schools in America" for 2009.
Byrd Middle School was selected as Virginia Educational Media
Association (VEMA) Library of the Year for 2010.
Henrico County Public Schools named National School Library Program of
the Year 2011.(AASL)
The culinary arts program at Hermitage Technical Center obtained
certification by the American Culinary Federation Education Foundation
Accrediting Commission’s Secondary Certification Committee.
Glen Allen High School earned the gold and Holman Middle School earned
the silver Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
certification as verified by the Green Building Certification Institute.
HCPS was named the 2011 Virginia Healthy Business of the Year by
Prevention Connections.
Virginia Commonwealth University—Autism Center for Excellence selected
HCPS to serve as an exemplary site in the delivery of educational services
to students with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Crestview Elementary was selected as the Children’s Engineering Program
of the year for 2011 by the Virginia Technology Education and Engineering
Association.
Fairfield Middle School received the Recognized ASCA Model Program (RAMP
) designation from the American School Counselor Association.
HCPS School Nutrition Services was given a “District of Excellence”
distinction by the School Nutrition Association during the 2010-11 school
year.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrico_County_Public_Schools | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 59 大Richmond都会区中小学Ranking
SOURCE1: Greatschools.org (没有特别标注的学校都是在Henrico County, 集中在
23059,23233,23060 三个zip code area)
小学
满分学校 （10 out of 10） 排名不分先后
W.W. Gordon Elementary School (chesterfield)
Short Pump
Nuckols Farm
Rivers Edge
Shady Grove
Glen Allen
Echo Lake
Twin Hickory
http://www.greatschools.org/search/search.page?distance=5&lat=3
MIDDLE SCHOOLS (9 OUT OF 10)
Short Pump Middle
Pocahontas Middle School
Holman Middle
Midlothian Middle School （chesterfield）
Tomahawk Creek Middle School (chesterfield)
High School
（9 out of 10）
Richmond Community High School (Richmond city)
Deep run High School
（8 out of 10）
Godwin High
Midlothian High (chesterfield)
Cosby High (chesterfield)
Ranking Source 2: schooldigger.com
Virginia Elementary School Rankings
http://www.schooldigger.com/go/VA/schoolrank.aspx
Top3 Shady Grove
Top10 Robious Elementary (chesterfield)
Top17 Short Pump
Top23 Twin Hickory
Top24 Rivers Edge
Top26 Nuckols Farm
Top31 WW Gordon (chesterfield)
Top40 Glen Allen Elementary
Top55 Winterpock (chesterfield)
Virginia Middle School Rankings
http://www.schooldigger.com/go/VA/schoolrank.aspx?level=2
Top1 Short Pump
Top2 Midlothian Middle (chesterfield)
Top3 Tomahawk Creek Middle(chesterfield)
Top7 Holman Middle
Top11 Pocahontas Middle
Top25 Robious Middle (chesterfield)
Top37 Swift Creek Middle (chesterfield)
Virginia High School Rankings
http://www.schooldigger.com/go/VA/schoolrank.aspx?level=3
Top7 Freeman High
Top8 Godwin High
Top21 Cosby High (chesterfield)
Top31 Glen Allen high
Top31 Richmond Community High (Richmond city)
Top35 Deep Run High
Top51 Open High (Richmond City) | z**k
发帖数: 945 | | | | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 61 Richmond, Virginia is the happiest city in the country according to survey
http://www.examiner.com/article/richmond-virginia-is-the-happie
http://www.timesdispatch.com/news/latest-news/richmond-region-t
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2702168/How-happ
Richmond, Virginia is the happiest city in the country according to survey
July 24, 2014
Richmond.com, reports on Wednesday that Richmond, Virginia is the "most
content area" in America, according to a recent study from the U.S. National
Bureau of Economic Research. Why was Richmond charted as the happiest city
in the country? Even though there is bickering over baseball stadiums,
schools, transportation, and potholes, there are still great things to love
about Richmond, affectionately called the River City. The Richmond Times-
Dispatch on Thursday concurs that Richmond is a happy place to live.
According to WTOP News, Richmond, Virginia, is the happiest metro area with
a population of more than 1 million.The Norfolk-Virginia Beach area in
Virginia where Pharrell Williams is from came in at No. 2 followed by
Washington, D.C., in third. (See the top 10 list below).
While Richmond is America’s most contented area, New York its unhappiest
metropolitan area as indicated by the study from the U.S. National Bureau of
Economic Research that relies on a large survey that asks respondents about
their satisfaction with life.
The list of the top 10 happiest metro cities are listed in order of the
happiest:
Richmond, Virginia
Norfolk-Virginia Beach Virginia
Washington, D.C.
Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina
Atlanta, Georgia
Houston, Texas
Jacksonville, Florida
Nashville, Tennessee
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, Florida
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, New Jersey
Researchers found that people may be deciding to trade happiness for other
perks, such as less happiness for higher incomes or lower housing costs. The
study's co-author, Joshua Gottlieb of the University of British Columbia's
Vancouver School of Economics says, "Our research indicates that people care
about more than happiness alone, so other factors may encourage them to
stay in a city despite their unhappiness" Also, the study examined what
makes people relocate or stay put when considering their happiness.
The writer of this article is a resident of Richmond, Virginia, and while
she can't speak about everyone else, she is quite happy here compared to
other places where she has lived. | z**k
发帖数: 945 | 62 Richmond Crime Data Mapping
Useful info for your saftey when you go to downtown. Few Chinese living in
downtown except students. Most live in zip code 23233, 23059,23060, which
are very safe.
www.raidsonline.com
http://www.timesdispatch.com/news/local/crime/richmond-police-c |
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