3. Linear or branched covalently attached T- and B-cell epitopes (Gamete
antigens).
As we have mentioned, short synthetic peptides representing B-cell
epitopes are incapable of inducing B-cells to differentiate and produce
antibody unless associated with epitopes that are recognized by helper
T-cells. The early study of the immune response to synthetic antigens has
shown that uncoupled peptides can realize their potential as vaccines if
they contain domains that react with helper T-cell receptor
