a*****x 发帖数: 901 | 1 So called positive or negative regulation of A pathway on B pathway
indicates that they are in the same pathway, at least partially. The true
independent pathways will not yield additive probability. Think about A & B
cause phenotype independently at 60% & 70%, respectively. |
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l**********1 发帖数: 5204 | 3 Bayer one decade ago her Germany wet Biochemical high throught screening
assay already be done by robot |
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D*a 发帖数: 6830 | 4 plus 宏观对象的 学科 不能和protein dna ncRNA 等微观对象的学科 比较IF score
无论animal or plant
实验技术条件的限制是客观存在滴。。。不是我想解决就解决了的。。。 |
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l**********1 发帖数: 5204 | 5 Euro based budegt 2009-2010 Bayer one firm is as same as total French Bio
budget Lol |
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y*********u 发帖数: 183 | 6 常听到一个说法,就是如果loxp flanked的exon太大,就要小心只有一个loxp重组进去
,另一个loxp见鬼了的说法
但从另一方面说,同源重组应该是高度敏感的,loxp 30bp的不同很难想象会被
cellular machinery 识别为同源臂。
总而言之,多长的exon会bring in这个风险呢?
background是我要设计一个flank了300bp exon的loxp allelle
想在distal loxp那里设计一个 digetion site,被认为多此一举 |
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m******5 发帖数: 1383 | 7 刚造了个老鼠还要再买allelle配两个上去的苦命默默飘过……
你能下载到final version么?NIH manuscript 看得很难受
w****[email protected]
Thanks!!!!!!!!!!! |
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r*******y 发帖数: 48 | 8 1. floxed 300 bp should not present any problem for recombination;
2. introducing a disgestion site is a good and reasonable design for future
southern verification, if there is no endogenous restriction site(s)
available for southern strategy;
3. you should pay more attention to the design of the arm length. Based on
my experience, over 5000bp/arm is recommended; shorter than this will reduce
the specific recombination efficiency, although some reports also suggested
that a shorter arm also wor... 阅读全帖 |
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y***i 发帖数: 11639 | 9 fly 我知道有意送给别人错误的,而且很confusing的allele的,有压别人cell文章1
~2个月+reject +继续压Nature 1~2个月 + reject + Nature editor都同意发了他继
续要求难做的实验 + 又一个月 + 他把文章送给Nature然后同时发表。 |
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m******5 发帖数: 1383 | 10 同意,自己做一个老鼠出来,从前期开始担心各种有的没的问题,后面担心germline
transmission, 再担心allelle是否work,半条命都没了 |
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u*********1 发帖数: 2518 | 11 不知道怎么取题目。。。
就是现在发现同一个基因里的两个SNP,相隔3个bp,都是nonsynonymous SNP,两者的
MAF(minor allele frequency)都在5%左右,一个不高不低的数值(比如UCSC定义MAF
<=1%的才算rare SNP)。
我就是想问,这相隔3个bp的俩SNP,到底是独立遗传的,还是更可能是同时遗传的(也
就是同一个haplotype)?如果haplotype里这两个mutation总是在一起同时遗传的,那
他们俩作为整体的MAF就是5%;如果是相对独立的,那么MAF最小可以是0.25%,这样就
是一个很好的rare mutation的candidate。是不是要去找haplotype的database?
希望我表达清楚了。多谢。 |
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A******y 发帖数: 2041 | 12 Just because you have multiple copies of the same protein, does not mean all
the mRNA are they same. For example, histone H4 has 14 different alleles (
I think) for exactly the same protein all with different mRNA. You can
actually RT-PCR them all independently.
locus |
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b****r 发帖数: 17995 | 13 呵呵难得碰到你不了解的玩意。这种基因挺多啊
segmental duplication里面的基因们基本上就是这种了
当然不见得每个氨基酸都完全一样。就连一个人的两个allele之间都不一定一模一样嘛
回到楼主的问题,我不知道有人留意到过没,最常用的house keeping基因之一,beta
actin,除了自己,在基因组里还有起码超过10个没有外显子的假基因,我估计是因为
beta actin的mRNA浓度太高,碰巧被逆转录病毒给搞回基因组了。这样的话,如果你企
图用常用的跨内含子的引物来排除cDNA里genomic DNA的干扰,对于beta actin来说可
能造成很大的误差。只有5‘UTR的位置比较容易设计这种跨外显子的beta actin特异引
物。我看过很多人的文章,包括一些CNS牛文,都没有注意这一点 |
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m**e 发帖数: 857 | 14 三万年前中国汉族人的进化
http://www.cell.com/abstract/S0092-8674%2813%2900067-6?utm_sour
Modeling Recent Human Evolution in Mice by Expression of a Selected EDAR
Variant
Selected East Asian EDAR allele, 370A, emerged in central China ∼30,
000 years ago
Hair, sweat, and mammary glands are altered in a 370A knockin mouse model
The novel effect of 370A on mouse sweat gland density is recapitulated in
humans.
美女教授 pardis-sabeti 本期Cell连续两篇 |
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b*****n 发帖数: 55 | 15 谢谢你的回复。这个蛋白有两个亚型,如果单独敲除任意一个亚型,或三个alleles都
没有异常,只是全敲除才出现。 |
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g*********5 发帖数: 2533 | 16 one more question, does Talen break all two allele genes? |
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s****9 发帖数: 932 | 17 My two cents:
How protein can be expressed with a stop code, which cause a frame shift?
For my personal experience, I used Rosa-Stop-YFP mice from JAX and cannot
see any leakage in Cre negative mice in any lymphocyte populations.
It's a transgene and thus it is possible that the insert allele can move and
incorporate into other promote region. In that case, you just need to
refresh your line and get a new breeder from JAX.
stronger |
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b*****g 发帖数: 119 | 18 新人求教 我在做一个基因的oocyte specific KO 拿到正确genotype的老鼠后 去做
staining 那个蛋白居然还在... 请问会是些什么原因呢 我的mating scheme如下
Cre+ ; fl/+ male x fl/fl female 得到 Cre+ fl/fl female
现在想到的问题有一下几个 1.可能蛋白在Cre前就已经表达了
2. 同时excise 两个有loxP的allele是不是不够efficient阿? 由于我做的是oocyte 所
以尽量选择让公老鼠carry Cre, 因为是homozygous lethal 我不是不是需要一步一步
的去除基因呢
请问大家我该如何着手解决这个问题? 谢谢了! |
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D*a 发帖数: 6830 | 19 fl/+ 和 fl/fl的比例应该是没什么疑问,因为你这一步只是剪尾巴看体细胞。但是现
在你对oocyte敲除有疑问,让被敲除掉的卵子受精看看是不是能长成-/-,我觉得这个
应该比pool卵子更有效一些。
如果你用收获的卵细胞来做PCR或者RT PCR,如果混有别的细胞,会有污染,到时候你
也不知道是因为体细胞污染,还是因为你的卵细胞敲除不完全。
如果这个蛋白敲除不影响卵子受精和胚胎发育,-/-的老鼠我觉得是最有说服力的。
genytype的问题毕竟还是用genotype最有说服力。这是我能想到的方法了,不知道其他
人都是怎么做的。
PS我突然想到卵细胞是单倍体啊,按你写的母鼠genoytpe,你的Cre应该只能进一半的
细胞里啊,所以你的卵细胞不是应该只有一半是KO的?还是Cre相当多没有allele的卵
子里面也会有Cre蛋白?反而你的细胞里都是flox单倍体,没有两个等位基因需要敲除
啊,跟两个flox还是一个flox的效率没关系啊。 |
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b*****g 发帖数: 119 | 20 谢谢~ 你们都好热心
是这样的, 老鼠在出生后不久绝大多数的primary oocyte就开始生长了, 然后我只是在
25天左右的时候给激素, 2天后提取oocyte. 给激素的目的其实就是更进一步促进
follicle and oocyte growth 等到我提取的时候他们就是已经很成熟的meiotically
competent的卵子了 所以我认为跟我打针后2天就取卵关系不大. zp3 应该出生后不久
就开始表达了 倒是越到后来表达变多倒是很有可能.
那些静息的形态很明显, 这种的卵子和follicle之间还没有形成antrum 所以我是不会
用的.
然后哺乳动物的oogenesis比较奇特 不是contineous process, arrest at prophase I
. 所以在我分离oocyte的时候他们还是在2倍体. 按理说如果cre 有效果的话就已经把2
个都切了
我想法子做个oocyte' genotype或者RT把, 如果不work的话我打算一个allele的敲 做
老鼠genetics 真是费时间阿 T-T |
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b*****g 发帖数: 119 | 21 WT male?? 那个是测试交配吧?
如果正式实验中也那么用, 那岂不是都要有一个 WT allele了? 怎么delete呢? 不懂了
... |
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X***n 发帖数: 366 | 22 TaqMan® Allelic Discrimination assay |
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c*****g 发帖数: 66 | 23 你可以用两个DNA共同区域的引物扩增包含这个polymorphism的片段。
然后Sanger sequence这个PCR产物(实际上是个mixture),看两个碱基的峰的比值。
你可以做个标准曲线,用梯度的已知比例的DNA。然后你就可以估计这里面两个allele
的比例了。 |
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o******n 发帖数: 511 | 25 直接测质粒会不会准些?因为PCR有可能因为饱和了看不出太大差别。
allele |
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l**********1 发帖数: 5204 | 26 pls try Multiplex PCR by A, B and C three primers set (below figure that
X, Y, Z as A, B, C primers)
PMID 19936220
Generation and characterization of mice carrying a conditional allele of the
Wwox tumor suppressor gene. (2009).
PLoS One. 4: e7775.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19936220
or refer
Biology版 - 有没有可能出现假KNOCKOUT的情况?
hashuoy
2010-09-09 13:52:31
来自: 192.168.
1从公司订制的KO老鼠,带CRE基因,大半年折腾下来去掉CRE并拿到大量杂合子,按照公司
给的DATA SHEET, GENOTYPING双引物鉴定老鼠各基因表型正常,符合孟德尔遗传,但在对
培养的野生型和纯合子MEF细胞鉴定时,我发现虽... 阅读全帖 |
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u*********1 发帖数: 2518 | 27 需要测某个exon,那么自然在exon的两侧设计primer;而且我故意把primer设计的距离
exon比较远(比如60-70bp),就是希望整个coding区域都可以被sequencing覆盖到。
但毕竟primer不是想在哪里设计就在哪里设计。比如有时候因为序列的关系,我只能在
距离exon边缘比如20bp的地方设计一个primer。而sequencing时候的一个问题就是,刚
开始sequencing的区域的质量是很低的(比如前30bp),是不可用的。这样的话,如果
primer距离exon边缘太近,很可能exon的开头一段序列的测序质量也很低,等于说并不
是整个exon都被high-quality的测序了。。。
但是我们有两个方向,forward and reverse同时测序。所以纵然forward方向的序列很
sloppy,但reverse方向的high-quality序列可以补偿回来。
我就是想问,假设forward方向的序列很垃圾不能用,而reverse方向这个base是高质量
的,而且是reference allele,是不是就ok了,不用管forward序列了?
... 阅读全帖 |
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j**W 发帖数: 89 | 28 受教了。多谢!还有一个问题:两次PCR都不切right-size bands,不会有很多很多wild
type allele被放大从而影响sequencing吗? |
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D*a 发帖数: 6830 | 29 那你就是看到loxp了,那怎么也变不成3里面那个只少了个loxp的啊。你用p3p4怎么也
出不来wt allele啊,什么叫“两个分得很开”?
你说看到exon1了是有多清楚?你原帖的意思是读不下去了,我理解是两个以上不同碱
基的峰,你是这个意思吗?那这里看到exon1又是什么意思?
你把产物多长该从哪里读多长实际看到什么多长画画吧,图上没有比例不知道怎么说 |
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l**********1 发帖数: 5204 | 30 GC contents of that P2 to AscI site if >65% DMSO 5% to buffer or try
Clontech GC rich kit
Cycle time 35 that is no problem
pls refer
GC-rich PCR concerns DNA templates with high GC content, which is defined as
the percentage of guanine-cytosine base pairs. When amplifying templates
with >60% GC content (i.e 5' ends of most mammalian cDNAs), the three
hydrogen bonds shared by GC pairs lead to enhanced thermostability, which is
problematic for un-optimized Taq polymerase systems.
http://www.clon... 阅读全帖 |
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s******r 发帖数: 1245 | 31 他的意思是他们在exon和intron中间插了个loxP,但是sequence出来的exon后面直接就
是intron,那个loxP不见了,看上去就和wt一样。扩4k很正常,保险点的PCR一般是要
flank homo arm的看当时es怎么做的了,当然southern啥的都做了,扩短一点可能问题
也不大。
建议楼主仔细查查这个knockin当时是怎么做的,那个位置是不是应该有这个loxP,这
个设计图看着很奇怪,是不是漏了点啥或者有地方画错了。另外可以用P1测一下看看能
不能测到GFP cassette,这个长度测序末尾应该能测到外源序列的,那就确信测得是
targeted allele了 |
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h******y 发帖数: 351 | 32 Jaenisch lab最新发表的利用CRISPR同时敲除5个基因的文章。CRISPR前途无限啊。再搞
出几个inducible的CRISPR就更厉害了。
One-Step Generation of Mice Carrying Mutations in Multiple Genes by CRISPR/C
as-Mediated Genome Engineering
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23643243
Cell. 2013 May 1. pii: S0092-8674(13)00467-4. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.02
5.
One-Step Generation of Mice Carrying Mutations in Multiple Genes by CRISPR/C
as-Mediated Genome Engineering.
Wang H, Yang H, Shivalila CS, Dawlaty MM, Cheng AW, Zhang F, Jaenisch R.
Source
W... 阅读全帖 |
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o*******a 发帖数: 242 | 33 抗青蒿素的虫子出现了。
--------------------
Nat Genet. 2013 Apr 28. doi: 10.1038/ng.2624. [Epub ahead of print]
Multiple populations of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in
Cambodia.
Miotto O, Almagro-Garcia J, Manske M, Macinnis B, Campino S, Rockett KA,
Amaratunga C, Lim P, Suon S, Sreng S, Anderson JM, Duong S, Nguon C, Chuor
CM, Saunders D, Se Y, Lon C, Fukuda MM, Amenga-Etego L, Hodgson AV, Asoala V
, Imwong M, Takala-Harrison S, Nosten F, Su XZ, Ringwald P, Ariey F, Dolecek
C, Hien TT, Boni... 阅读全帖 |
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m******p 发帖数: 67 | 34 I have genomic DNA samples of about 1000 diabetic patients. We are
interested in examining the sequence variations of a gene in these samples.
But we are not good at this and have 2 questions.
1) Can we do that by traditional Sanger sequencing? This is very doable.
We first PCR the fragment of interest, and then do sequencing. But the
problem is that Sanger sequencing cannot distinguish paternal and maternal
alleles, that is, we cannot tell whether a variation is homozygous or
heterozygous, u... 阅读全帖 |
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m******p 发帖数: 67 | 35 thank you very much for the suggestions.
1) now we have already got lots of sequencing data by traditional Sanger
sequencing. can we still use this data to do dome meaningful analysis and
conclusion?
2) 'targeted sequencing toolkit such as Ion Torrent' appears to be able to
distinguish alleles (het vs. homo). Do you know which companies can do this?
again, thank you very much. |
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s*****3 发帖数: 20 | 36 Here are my 2 cents.
1) If you only look at one or a few SNP(s) for that gene, Taqman SNP
analysis (in 384-well or even in 96-well format) can be your choice. This is
much
cheaper and faster than Sanger or NGS.
2) If you look at 10-100 SNPs, Openarray SNP analysis (using OpenArray or
Quantstudio) can be your choice.
3) If you look at a large number of SNPs, e.g >100 SNPS (though I doubt it
since you only look at one gene), you could consider NGS target resequencing
such as Ion Torrent custom Am... 阅读全帖 |
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e*******n 发帖数: 2178 | 37 为什么生物之间会产生生殖隔离呢?进化能解释生殖隔离吗?
咋一看,进化论和生殖隔离是矛盾的。为什么这么说呢?因为生殖隔离意味着两个物种
交配生下来的后代是不适应环境的,进化论中的自然选择是要选择出适应环境的生物个
体。所以表面上看来这之间存在矛盾。
随着对基因粒子性的理解,在20世纪30和40年代,有三个科学家相对独立地提出了解决
这个问题的假说,他们是Bateson,Dobzhansky和Muller。他们都意识到要解决这个问
题要依靠于不同基因allele之间的epstasis。
我们假设在一个ancester population里面有两个基因位点,是AABB。这个时候由于地
理或者其他原因,这个population被分成两个,他们之间不能再见面了,基因也无法交
流了。随着时间的流逝,一个population变成了AAbb,另外一个population变成了aaBB
。如果这个时候,原来的物理隔离因素没有了,这两个population又可以见面了。那么
他们产生的后代的基因型就是AaBb,这个时候要注意到一个事实就是在进化的过程中a
从来没有见到过b,就是说没有办法保证a和b能在一... 阅读全帖 |
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e*******n 发帖数: 2178 | 38 ".一个population变成了AAbb..."
The hypothesis describes an outcome, but does not address the causes of the
outcome -- why & how "一个population变成了AAbb" -- the textbook answer is "
spontanenous(random) mutation", which is unprovable but taken as an agnostic
assumption. This is another limit of "evolution theory".
----------------------------------------------------------------
(1)新的allele的产生和被fixed是可以在人的生命这个尺度可以被观察到的,有很多
文章和书籍都document了这个过程。所以说这个是客观存在的。这个客观存在的事实的
一个后果就是可能产生生殖隔离。
(2)新突变的产生是“随机”的,不是由环境需要而... 阅读全帖 |
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m******5 发帖数: 1383 | 39 插个题外的话,个人觉得Marcm的局限性比较强
但也许是理解有限。 比如如果这个homozygote的allelle影响globle cell migration
behavior 就无法用Marcm进行什么有价值的分析 |
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n****3 发帖数: 543 | 40 如题,我是搞免疫的,几个实验下来发现老鼠背景有问题,求高人指点,谢谢先
two alleles: Thy1.1 (Thy 1a, CD90.1) and Thy1.2 (Thy 1b, CD90 .2), 这个老鼠
带的是那个呀? |
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j***x 发帖数: 1469 | 41 Original Article
Heredity 111, 122-130 (August 2013) | doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.26
Albinism in phylogenetically and geographically distinct populations of
Astyanax cavefish arises through the same loss-of-function Oca2 allele
Please send to l************[email protected]
Thank you very much in advance. |
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b********i 发帖数: 73 | 42 It will be much better if you use Albano C57BL/6 for breeding. Trash all
white mice. Half of black will have mutant allele, in theory. Save a lot
of genotyping work. |
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b********i 发帖数: 73 | 43 It will be much better if you use Albano C57BL/6 for breeding. Trash all
white mice. Half of black will have mutant allele, in theory. Save a lot
of genotyping work. |
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d********0 发帖数: 534 | 44 很easy啊,你把正常与对照做genotype与allele的对比就行了啊
看你的13个SNP中,哪个是致病SNP啊
不过你对照与病例组加起来才400例,可信度上就要差些了 |
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m******g 发帖数: 467 | 45 补番中……
PNAS 14.1.14
推荐:
1. Neutral genomic regions refine models of recent rapid human population
growth
Population growth or purifying selection contributes to rare alleles
Sequence genetic variants far from genes (neutral)
3.4% per generation over the last 3,000–4,000 y
稍微了解一下:
1. Harnessing evolutionary fitness in Plasmodium falciparum for drug
discovery and suppressing resistance
只是描述现象:混用某两种inhibitor可防止其产生耐药性
因为我比较喜欢耐药性方面的东西,所以还是列一下好了
小知识:
1. Spontaneous slow replication fork progression el... 阅读全帖 |
|
m******g 发帖数: 467 | 46 补番中……
PNAS 14.1.14
推荐:
1. Neutral genomic regions refine models of recent rapid human population
growth
Population growth or purifying selection contributes to rare alleles
Sequence genetic variants far from genes (neutral)
3.4% per generation over the last 3,000–4,000 y
稍微了解一下:
1. Harnessing evolutionary fitness in Plasmodium falciparum for drug
discovery and suppressing resistance
只是描述现象:混用某两种inhibitor可防止其产生耐药性
因为我比较喜欢耐药性方面的东西,所以还是列一下好了
小知识:
1. Spontaneous slow replication fork progression el... 阅读全帖 |
|
m******g 发帖数: 467 | 47 Science 14.2.7
推荐:
1. A Promiscuous Intermediate Underlies the Evolution of LEAFY DNA Binding
Specificity
稍微了解一下:
1.Interchromosomal Communication Coordinates Intrinsically Stochastic
Expression Between Alleles |
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m******g 发帖数: 467 | 48 Science 14.03.07
推荐:
1. The Secret Garden—Epigenetic Alleles Underlie Complex Traits
inherited across generations in plant genomes
QTL mapping for traits
future: environmentally induced transgenerationally stable epialleles
Actual paper: Mapping the Epigenetic Basis of Complex Traits
稍微了解一下:
1. A Genomic Road Map for Complex Human Disease
小知识:
1. Combating Evolution to Fight Disease
2. Review - Developments in X-ray Crystallographic Structure Determination
of Biological Macromolecules
3. A Sing... 阅读全帖 |
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m******g 发帖数: 467 | 49 Science 14.03.21
推荐:
1. Highly Multiplexed Subcellular RNA Sequencing in Situ
稍微了解一下:
1. Epistasis and Allele Specificity in the Emergence of a Stable
Polymorphism in Escherichia coli
小知识:
1. From Parasitism to Mutualism: Unexpected Interactions Between a Cuckoo
and Its Host
Lower predation-induced falure due to repellent secretion by cuckoo chicks
2. Humans Can Discriminate More than 1 Trillion Olfactory Stimuli |
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m******g 发帖数: 467 | 50 PNAS 14.04.01
推荐:
1. Genetic odyssey to generate marked clones in Drosophila mosaics
Review paper on several common systems
小知识:
1. Extinct New Zealand megafauna were not in decline before human
colonization
No loss of heterozygosity and shifts in allele frequency over time
Before human-facilitated megafauna extinction |
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