C********n 发帖数: 6682 | 1 朱学勤惊天抄袭证据
小女子
考证完毕朱学勤先生的第七章第五节,与小女子上次考证的第八章第五节结果一样,基
本完全(本节共8页,四小段除外)来自Blum一书,惊讶得说不出话了。那就什么都不
说了。黑色字体为朱原文,红色字体为本人考证内容。本节朱文共使用了9个脚注,也
很巧合,这9个脚注在Blum一书中均出现,引用的内容与 Blum一书也完全相同,而且,
本节的脚注只有一个提到了Blum。而从考证的内容看,其实本节都是来源于Blum。因此
,抄袭成立。
第七章第五节 内外禁锢——舆论划一与道德对抗
罗伯斯庇尔上台之时,正是巴黎经受革命道德清洗之际。
在革命上层,人们推举出比马拉更具道德热忱的罗伯斯庇尔;在革命下层,人们点
火焚烧一切不合道德标准的文化“奢侈品”:烧书,烧画,烧锦旗,烧旧制度文献,烧
所有从私人住宅抄检出来的带有贵族气息的文化作品。据《导报》记载,从1793年
至1794年,不断有爱国者结队冲进国民公会底楼,自发地进行焚书活动。(1. Blum
就在这种腾腾烈焰之上,大声辩论他们的革命进程。(2. Blum: 220页第三段第9行,承
接上面来的,英文原文说那些焚书的民众... 阅读全帖 |
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u***r 发帖数: 4825 | 2 Libyans Seize Qaddafi’s Son, the Last at Large
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/20/world/africa/gaddafi-son-capt
ZINTAN, Libya — Libyan militia fighters on Saturday captured Seif al-Islam
el-Qaddafi, the last fugitive son and onetime heir apparent of Col. Muammar
el-Qaddafi, setting off nationwide celebrations but also exposing a
potential power struggle between former-rebel factions over his handling.
Metro Twitter Logo.
Connect With Us on Twitter
Follow @nytimesworld for international breaking n... 阅读全帖 |
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e**i 发帖数: 1983 | 3 发信人: lblayer (leonis), 信区: Military
标 题: 江泽民北京会见starbucks CEO (Bloomberg News)
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Fri Apr 20 01:17:04 2012, 美东)
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-20/starbucks-ceo-schultz-
Jiang Said to Surface After Bo Purge to Meet Starbucks Chief
By Bloomberg News - Apr 20, 2012 1:54 AM ET .
Former Chinese President Jiang Zemin met Starbucks Corp. (SBUX) Chief
Executive Officer Howard Schultz on April 17 in Beijing, a person familiar
with the meeting said. Jiang emerged in the capital ahead ... 阅读全帖 |
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Y**r 发帖数: 88 | 4 http://news.yahoo.com/exclusive-chinas-hu-seeks-clean-power-han
Exclusive: China's Hu seeks clean power handover with ally's promotion -
sources
By Benjamin Kang Lim | Reuters – 6 hrs ago
China's President Hu Jintao smiles during a meeting with German
Chancellor Angela Merkel (not pictured) at the Great Hall of the People in
Beijing August 30, 2012. REUTERS/Diego Azubel/PoolEnlarge Photo
China's President Hu Jintao smiles …
BEIJING (Reuters) - China's outgoing President Hu Jintao is angl... 阅读全帖 |
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K**********n 发帖数: 1197 | 5
跟这帮自称理科的文科生物wsn实在纠缠不清楚。给丫们上点洋大人自己的说法吧,而
且都是学术圈的,已有reference一堆,其中一份是著名的兰德公司的报告。
另外,美国和澳洲已立法限制使用脑波扫描仪,拿脑波扫描仪扫本国公民已是联邦法的
重罪。不过这个比较难的是你无法证实谁接收了你的脑信号。所以立了法跟没立一个样。
Remote Mind Control Technology
Reprinted from SECRET AND SUPPRESSED: BANNED IDEAS AND HIDDEN
HISTORY, edited by Jim Keith, $12.95, available from
1-800-680-INET.
There had been an ongoing controversy over health effects of electromagnetic
fields (EMF) for years (e.g., extremely low frequency radiation and the
Navy's Project Sea... 阅读全帖 |
|
i**t 发帖数: 3556 | 6 Russian Politician Suggests Dividing Ukraine Along Lines Of Nazi-Soviet Pact
, Proposes West Ukraine Referendum
(Reuters) - A prominent Russian politician has proposed dividing Ukraine
along the lines of an infamous Nazi-Soviet pact and suggested that regions
in Western Ukraine hold referendums on breaking away from Kiev.
In a letter sent to the governments of Poland, Romania and Hungary, Vladimir
Zhirinovsky also suggested those countries hold referendums on
incorporating the regions into their... 阅读全帖 |
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w********t 发帖数: 12853 | 7 Waging Desperate Campaign, Iraqi Town Held Off Militants
By AZAM AHMEDSEPT. 2, 2014
Residents of Amerli, a town of Shiite Turkmens, celebrated this week after a
nearly three-month siege by Sunni militants ended. Credit Andrea Bruce for
The New York Times
AMERLI, Iraq — The children lined the unkempt boulevard in this northern
Iraqi town on Tuesday to welcome some of the men who had saved them from the
Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.
Convoy after convoy of armed men raced past, blaring victory m... 阅读全帖 |
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v**********m 发帖数: 5516 | 8 http://thediplomat.com/2015/05/can-china-untangle-the-kokang-kn
Kokang, a 2,000 square kilometer territory near the Chinese border, has a
population of around 150,000 people, 90 percent of whom are ethnic Chinese.
Although those in Kokang account for only 7 percent of the ethnic Chinese
population in Myanmar, they are unique among Chinese groups in the country,
as they were defined as an ethnic minority by British India. The Kokang area
is known for cross-border settlements of ethnic minorities,... 阅读全帖 |
|
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v**e 发帖数: 8422 | 9 CIA 利比亚反叛者们是来自伊拉克的基地武装分子ZT- 到底是谁利用了谁还真难说
来源: 没底 于 2011-10-30
CIA Libya Rebels are Al-Qaeda Fighters From Iraq
Politics / Al-Qeeda Mar 29, 2011 - 07:54 AM
By: Global_Research
Politics
Diamond Rated - Best Financial Markets Analysis ArticleDr. Webster G.
Tarpley writes: “Serpents, thirst, heat, and sand … Libya alone can
present a multitude of woes that it would beseem men to fly from.” Lucan,
Pharsalia
Washington DC, March 24, 2011 — The current military attack on Libya has
been motivated by UN S... 阅读全帖 |
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M*V 发帖数: 3205 | 10 http://news.yahoo.com/china-state-media-blames-syria-government
China state media blames Syria rebels for Xinjiang violence
BEIJING (Reuters) - Chinese state media on Monday blamed Syrian opposition
forces in unusually specific finger pointing for training Muslim extremists
responsible for the deadliest unrest in four years in China's far-western
region of Xinjiang.
China has traditionally blamed violence in Xinjiang, home to Muslim Uighurs,
on Islamic separatists who want to establish an indepe... 阅读全帖 |
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l****z 发帖数: 29846 | 11 作者:猞猁
2011-09-06 21:33:10
涉及恐怖主义问题时,西方白左专家都有两条基本守则:(1)凡是布什赞成的都是错的
(2)无论面对哪种流氓政权, 采取强硬态度都是错的。
03年美国要收拾萨达姆,它们说万万不可,萨达姆倒了就没人“制衡”伊朗了;很奇怪
的是后来每次布什政府对伊朗施压,同样是引来骂声一片。以前不准倒萨是怕伊朗在中
东地区“独大”,现在伊朗也动不得了,难道又要靠它“制衡”已经挂掉的萨达姆? 大
概哈梅内伊同学是哈利波特的校友, 能用波斯密术镇压老萨的魂魄。
不能不提埃及的巴拉迪同志(Mohamed M. El Baradei)---国际原子能机构的前总干事,
此人当初死死护着萨达姆, 由此成了反战左派的宠儿和“良心”的化身, 后来, 针对伊
朗的核项目, 这位哥们还是老一套。他根本就不管你是“世俗”政权还是原教旨,也不
管你寻求核武器的意图是否明显,只要够反美,他就挺你到底。这种货色能在05年获得
炸药和平奖也不足为奇,因为此前一年给了卡特,后来戈尔靠着喊热也拿奖了,再后来
奥黑啥还没干就中奖了,可以说这十几年来靠谱的只有大波波那次。
当初布什指控萨达姆,... 阅读全帖 |
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l****z 发帖数: 29846 | 12 By BEN HUBBARD and ELIZAEBTH A. KENNEDY
BIREH, Lebanon (AP) -- Syria's war barreled over the border with an angry,
raucous funeral Monday for an anti-Syrian cleric whose killing set off a
night of deadly street battles in Beirut and raised fears that Lebanon is
getting drawn into the chaos afflicting its neighbor.
The violence is a reflection of Lebanon's political dysfunction, a legacy of
years of civil war when the country became a proxy battleground for other
nations. Lebanon walks a fragil... 阅读全帖 |
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l****z 发帖数: 29846 | 13 Cease-fire reached in Palestinian camp in Syria
June 22, 2014 - 4:34 PM
Associated Press
BEIRUT (AP) — Various fighting factions and the Syrian government reached a
cease-fire agreement in a besieged Palestinian refugee camp in Damascus,
activists and state media said Sunday.
If it holds, the agreement in Yarmouk, the largest of nine Palestinian camps
in Syria, could help ease the suffering of some 18,000 civilians who have
been trapped there since the government imposed a blockade in mid-2013.
... 阅读全帖 |
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l****z 发帖数: 29846 | 14 The Palestinians Are About To Get What They Asked For By Joining The ICC
As the old saying goes, be careful what you ask for-you may get it. Last
week over the objections of the United States, Israel and Jordan, the
Palestinian Authority applied for membership in the International Criminal
Court, and today it is beginning to face the repercussions. An independent
Israeli organization filed war crimes complaints in the ICC against senior
Palestinian officials, the Israeli Government may weigh in ... 阅读全帖 |
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l****z 发帖数: 29846 | 15 Progressive “Thought-Blockers”: Income Inequality
An ideological construct that exploits envy and resentment for political
advantage.
February 10, 2016
Bruce Thornton
Bruce Thornton is a Shillman Journalism Fellow at the David Horowitz Freedom
Center.
Throughout this primary season, Hillary Clinton and self-proclaimed
socialist Bernie Sanders have both been flogging the “crisis” of “income
inequality,” which is “at the center of their campaigns,” according to
CNN. Both have scourged the “greed” ... 阅读全帖 |
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a*********a 发帖数: 3656 | 16 1 democratic faction kills another democratic faction and they say
republicans are divided. |
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b*****d 发帖数: 61690 | 17 当年美帝很猛的,议员们拔剑对决。后来,才改称要文斗不要武斗。
Throughout the Senate's history, members, like baseball players, have taken
satisfaction from setting records. One exception was California Senator
David Broderick. In September 1859, Broderick established a record that
remains unbroken. He became the only sitting senator to die in a duel.
Broderick was born in Washington, D.C., in 1820, the son of a stonemason who
worked on the Capitol. His family later moved to New York City, where
Broderick worked as a stonemaso... 阅读全帖 |
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w*********h 发帖数: 331 | 18 http://www.ilw.com/immigrationdaily/digest/2012,0626.shtm
Comment: Grassley Makes Deal With Schumer - In news potentially bigger in
impact than Mr. Obama's momentous announcement of Deferred Action for
DREAMers, Sen. Grassley, Republican of Iowa (Ranking Member of the Judiciary
committee), has after many years of holding up employment immigration
matters in the Senate, finally made a deal with Sen. Schumer, Democrat of
New York (Chairman of the Immigration Sub-committee). The compromise
mandates... 阅读全帖 |
|
|
s******g 发帖数: 2318 | 20 前天听NPR里讲到晚清末年一个统治中国43年的人,一想那不就是慈禧老佛爷嘛,果然
后面播音员发音cixi还是蛮准确地...从里面学了几个词 dowager,concubine...都说
兼听则明、
偏信则暗,咱看看老外眼里的慈禧太后,hehe
link:
http://www.npr.org/2011/12/19/143796431/powerful-portraits-capt
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, SC-GR 249
Empress Dowager Cixi poses with the wives of foreign envoys in Leshoutang,
the summer palace in Beijing, circa 1903-04.
text size A A A December 19, 2011 Intrigue! Riches! Sex! Some violence! Not
the latest movie plot, but a story that lurks in t... 阅读全帖 |
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G*******s 发帖数: 4956 | 22 加拉太书5章13-26节,说异端是属于情欲的,与圣灵的果子相对
13
弟兄们,你们蒙召,是要得自由。只是不可将你们的自由当作放纵情欲的机会。总要用
爱心互相服事。
You, my brothers, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to
indulge the sinful nature; rather, serve one another in love.
14
因为全律法都包在爱人如己这一句话之内了。
The entire law is summed up in a single command: "Love your neighbor as
yourself."
15
你们要谨慎。若相咬相吞,只怕要彼此消灭了。
If you keep on biting and devouring each other, watch out or you will be
destroyed by each other.
16
我说,你们当顺着圣灵而行,就不放纵肉体的情欲了。
So I say, live by the Spi... 阅读全帖 |
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K**********n 发帖数: 1197 | 23 学术界珍稀有限的原版外文资料,
Remote Mind Control Technology
Reprinted from SECRET AND SUPPRESSED: BANNED IDEAS AND HIDDEN
HISTORY, edited by Jim Keith, $12.95, available from
1-800-680-INET.
There had been an ongoing controversy over health effects of electromagnetic
fields (EMF) for years (e.g., extremely low frequency radiation and the
Navy's Project Seafarer; emissions of high power lines and video display
terminals; radar and other military and industrial sources of radio
frequencies and micr... 阅读全帖 |
|
z*******n 发帖数: 1034 | 24 http://gamerboom.com/archives/84276
每日观察:关注手机应用被抛弃率等消息(6.16)
发布时间:2014-06-16 10:56:25 Tags:Disney Infinity,Don Mattrick收入,THQ商标
,应用被抛弃率
1)Localytics最新数据显示,20%的Android和iOS应用中就有一者仅被开启过一次,比
2013年的数据下降了2%,比2010年的情况低6个百分点。
数据指出游戏和体育类应用的这种被抛弃率分别达到22%和23%,Localytics指出这两个
领域竞争激烈,以及首次印象的重要性是造成这种现象的主要原因。
2014-category-chart(from localytics)
社交网络应用的被抛弃率较低,仅有11%,天气追踪应用在Localytics所调查的所有应
用类型中留存率最高,其被抛弃率仅为9%。
2014-platform-chart(from localytics)
Android应用的平均一次性使用抛弃率仅有16%,而iOS应用的这一比例高达23%。
从长期用户粘性来看,20147年39%的... 阅读全帖 |
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C******g 发帖数: 2930 | 25 PS3
Updates
* Afterburner Climax – Sale (PS3) (now $4.99, original price $9.99)
* Alien Breed: Impact – Permanent Price Drop (PS3) (now $9.99, original
price $14.99)
* Arctic Adventures: Polar's Puzzles – Minis – Permanent Price Drop (
PS3) (now $1.99, original price $4.99)
* Battlefield Bad Company 2 – Onslaught Mode – Permanent Price Drop (
PS3) (now $4.99, original price $9.99)
* Battlefield Bad Company 2 VIP DLC – Permanent Price Drop (PS3) (now $
9.99, original price $14... 阅读全帖 |
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w*******y 发帖数: 60932 | 26 LINK:
http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16874122010&Tpk=Fallout New Vegas Xbox 360 Game Bethesda
1.png
Model
Brand Bethesda
Model 093155129023
Name Fallout New Vegas Spec
ESRB Rating M - Mature
Genre Strategy Features
Features Welcome to Vegas. New Vegas. Its the kind of town where you dig
your own grave prior to being shot in the head and left for deadand thats
before things really get ugly. Its a town of dreamers and desperados being
torn apart by warring factions vying for... 阅读全帖 |
|
|
w*******y 发帖数: 60932 | 28 Link:
http://www.amazon.com/Star-Wars-Battlefront-Pc/dp/B000VVEMXY
Product Description
Star Wars Battlefront(TM) is an action/shooter game that gives fans and
gamers the opportunity to re-live and participate in all of the classic Star
Wars battles like never before. Players can select one of a number of
different soldier types jump into any vehicle man any turret on the
battlefront and conquer the galaxy planet-by-planet online with their
friends or offline in a variety of single-player modes. ... 阅读全帖 |
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w*******y 发帖数: 60932 | 29 Taken from MochaRaf @ CAG
....I don't know when these deals are going live. This is just a Heads Up.
I'm in the process of posting all of the individual links...
XBOX 360:
Guitar Hero: Aerosmith - $5:
http://www.bestbuy.com/site/Guitar Hero: Aerosmith - Xbox 360/8736601.p?id=1201913702742&skuId=8736601&st=Guitar Hero: Aerosmith&lp=1&cp=1
DJ Hero - $5:
http://www.bestbuy.com/site/DJ Hero - Xbox 360/1443131.p?id=1218259334972&skuId=1443131&st=DJ Hero&lp=1&cp=1
DarkStar One: Broken Alliance - $5:
h... 阅读全帖 |
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l**********e 发帖数: 3149 | 30 想看的自己去看吧,大致扫了几眼,绝大多数是赞扬和鼓励
http://community.nytimes.com/comments/www.nytimes.com/2010/10/09/world/09nobel.html
HIGHLIGHT (what's this?)
Sridhar Chilimuri
New York
October 8th, 2010
5:30 am
Finally they got it right. He deserves it. The Nobel peace prize has
restored its moral stature.
Recommend Recommended by 228 Readers
34.HIGHLIGHT (what's this?)
Brian
CT
October 8th, 2010
7:46 am
As a Chinese living abroad, I have high respect for the Nobel Prize
committee's decision this time, especially at... 阅读全帖 |
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h******n 发帖数: 28 | 31 【 以下文字转载自 Military 讨论区 】
发信人: hydraman (较大城市), 信区: Military
标 题: 看看挪威消息灵通人士怎么看待刘晓波获奖的
发信站: BBS 未名空间站 (Mon Oct 11 09:27:31 2010, 美东)
> Date: Mon, 11 Oct 2010 12:44:58 +0200
> To:
> From: rolf melheim
> Subject: For Your information
>
> Some updated background information on a former mail:
>
> I wrote a few days ago about the reationship
> between NED, "human rights violations" and Liu
> Xiaobo.
> Ralph McGehee also wrote: "... the current US
> policy of using (rightly or wrongly) the theme of
> ... 阅读全帖 |
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c**i 发帖数: 6973 | 32 (1) Isabella Steger, Lung Ying-tai: 1911 Anniversary ‘Awkward’ for China.
China Real Time (a brand of WSJ.com), Oct 10, 2011 (interview).
http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/10/10
/lung-ying-tai-1911-anniversary-awkward-for-china/
Quote:
(a) Lung: "originally the government [Ma administration] used the slogan '
jian guo bai nian' (建國百年, a hundred years of the republic) to mark this
day. They changed it and replaced the word 'jian guo' (建國, nation-building
) to 'jing cai' (精彩, splendid). The ... 阅读全帖 |
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F*V 发帖数: 3978 | 33 http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/world/asia/china-moves-to-ens
BEIJING — Following the death of Kim Jong-il, the North Korean leader,
China is moving quickly to deepen its influence over senior officials in
North Korea and particularly with those in the military to try to ensure
stability in the isolated nation, according to Chinese and foreign former
government officials and analysts.
China is North Korea’s foremost ally, and leaders here had been hoping Mr.
Kim would live for at least another... 阅读全帖 |
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c*********2 发帖数: 3402 | 34 http://behindthewall.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/04/11/11141788-ho
Stringer/China / Reuters
China's former Chongqing Municipality Communist Party Secretary Bo Xilai and
his wife Gu Kailai pose in this January 17, 2007 file photo.
By Eric Baculinao and Bo Gu, NBC News
BEIJING – The political shock waves set off from within a U.S. diplomatic
compound by a disgruntled ex-cop in the southwestern city of Chengdu have
culminated into what may well be China’s biggest political scandal in years
.
Already ... 阅读全帖 |
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t****v 发帖数: 9235 | 35 气急败坏是美国人民
被啐脸的是中国老将
yahoo上老将成了过街老鼠
被美国人上千条留言谩骂攻击
http://news.yahoo.com/chinese-activist-fled-house-arrest-lands-
dbnut • Phoenix, Arizona • 1 hr 8 mins ago
Why the hell is he coming here?????????????????
5 Replies .
4Please sign in to rate!Please sign in to rate!0
☠☠☠☠☠☠☠☠ • 27 mins ago
we need another chinese spy in our country like more libtards
Reply .
4Please sign in to rate!Please sign in to rate!0
Demolican • 27 mins ... 阅读全帖 |
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d******a 发帖数: 32122 | 36 “塔夫脱的很多家庭成员也参加了政治。他的儿子和孙子都当过参议员”
说的可能是他的儿子
1950 re-election
In 1950 Taft ran a more effective campaign in which he wooed factory workers
; he won a third term by a wide margin.
By the start of his third term in the Senate, Taft had been given the
nickname "Mr. Republican";[12] he was the chief ideologue and spokesperson
for the conservatism of the Republican Party of that era, and he was the
acknowledged national leader of the GOP's conservative faction. (Patterson,
p. 335) |
|
h**********c 发帖数: 4120 | 37 比如贰拾漆各亿底企划。
你我举事不密,人家晓得你要去人家底水房踢帐簿。若失了先机,多少有境外参与,临
了关头,多少有个托桃,性命终究是无妨底。
问题二,alumni 里有jewish faction 吗?
我看那一竖,很似触了墨底西伯来文写法。 |
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k***r 发帖数: 13724 | 38 还有一个月,preorder了,期待ing。
传闻不少faction都要dlc,无良的游戏公司。 |
|
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h******i 发帖数: 21077 | 40 不是,是说为了自己的派系(faction)考虑的情况下。
就好比说南宋抵抗蒙古,你不能说是破坏中华统一,而只能说是合理的。
虽然最后看,南宋抵抗蒙古其实是在分裂中国。 |
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D*****i 发帖数: 8922 | 41 这一条反对意见也很烂。羯只是匈奴的一个部落,不等于全部匈奴。这些欧美傻逼大概
都读不懂中文典籍。
Ammianus and Jordanes mention the Huns as scarifying infants' faces to
prevent the later growth of beards; the Chinese recorded General Ran Min
having led a military campaign against a faction of the Xiongnu
Confederation called the Jie, who were described as having full beards,
around Ye in 349 AD. |
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c******o 发帖数: 1184 | 42 In chinese standard, they mostly can not be counted.
Two many successful military coup.
The line of faction leader hardly pass ( even consider the adoption heir )
through 3 generation. For example, the rome empire, the government almost
overthrow every 30-50 years. The successors usually not distinct blood bond
or literally bond to their precursors. |
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h******i 发帖数: 21077 | 44 哦哦,这样。
你看你看,我就说有这么个Faction吧??
不过不是Roman,是Romano,擦,记错了 |
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t*********r 发帖数: 387 | 45 一直在写一个规模比较大的mod来改进东亚尤其是天朝进贡体系,加了很多我个人觉得
比P家更好模拟历史的机制
举几个例子
-现有的文化差异debuff太不合理,我改成了不同文化现在会有自治debuff和unrest,
和平时期不会有太大问题,战时异族容易叛变/提升自治。Overextension改变成了全局
unrest,没有核的地区会经常叛变
-华夏地方政权有决定可以在华夏地区加claim,几大古都占领后可加天命/华夏文化群
-所有农耕民族人力太少一般都会有农民起义灾难,但不知为何天朝政府没有这个东西
。我把这一项加上之后把天命的要求加了一个没有灾难的要求
-游牧民族人力增强,人力多到一定程度随机强制弹出事件跟天朝开战并获得天朝国库
的少量银子
-和亲选项保证天朝和游牧民族和平,但会有额外的ongoing声望损耗
-天朝朝代建立了立即开个灾难记录土地兼并官僚腐败的进程,如果不变法缓解和消除
大概200~300年之后灾难发生强制失去天命
-大明的三大faction设定太扯淡了,魏公公明明是税收高手P社居然说太监们搞贸易
-我一直觉得P社强制把西方科技进程hardcode太变态,所以把旧世界... 阅读全帖 |
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h******i 发帖数: 21077 | 46 why 吵架 with them?
Hulu has different Factions as well. |
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发帖数: 1 | 47 Apr 25 1644
End of Ming Dynasty
The collapse of the Ming Dynasty was a protracted affair, its roots
beginning as early as 1600 with the emergence of the Manchu under Nurhaci.
Originally a vassal of the Ming emperors, Nurhaci in 1582 embarked on an
inter-tribal feud that escalated into a campaign to unify the Jianzhou
Jurchen tribes. Later Nurhaci announced Seven Grievances and openly
renounced the sovereignty of Ming overlordship in order to complete the
unification of those Jurchen tribes still... 阅读全帖 |
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